Menu
0 Wild Capture Profiles
0 Aquaculture Profiles

Last updated on 2 October 2016

SUMMARY

SUMMARY

IDENTIFICATION

SCIENTIFIC NAME(s)

Oncorhynchus gorbuscha

SPECIES NAME(s)

Pink salmon

COMMON NAMES

pink salmon, humpy, humpback salmon

This fishery was certified by the Marine Stewardship Council system in June 2011. Click here to link to the MSC fishery page and to learn more about the MSC fishery certification unit.

RELATED LINKS:

ANALYSIS

Strengths

1. At the Alaska-wide scale, escapement goals, escapement monitoring, and harvest controls have helped produce robust returns since the early 1980s. 2. Southeast Alaska pink salmon catches have averaged over 90 million fish, nearly twice the level achieved at an earlier peak in the 1940s. 3. There is limited hatchery production of pink salmon in Southeast Alaska, the most important region for pink salmon production along with Prince William Sound.

Weaknesses

1. Wild stock yields in Prince William Sound have exhibited meaningful declines over the past 15+ years, and may be impacted by interactions between wild and hatchery fish. 2. There have been compliance issues with the local hatchery operator in Prince William Sound (Prince William Sound Aquaculture Corporation – PWSAC), and public information indicating how and whether these issues are resolved is lacking. 3. Hatchery releases from the Pillar Creek and Kitoi Bay hatcheries in Kodiak (Westward Alaska) are not marked, making it difficult to assess possible impacts upon wild stocks.

FISHSOURCE SCORES

Management Quality:

Management Strategy:

≥ 8

Managers Compliance:

≥ 8

Fishers Compliance:

≥ 8

Stock Health:

Current
Health:

≥ 8

Future Health:

≥ 8

RECOMMENDATIONS

CATCHERS & REGULATORS

1. Work actively to address and close out conditions placed upon the certification of the fishery in the agreed timeframe.
2. Report achievements publicly to share progress with buyers.

RETAILERS & SUPPLY CHAIN

1. Monitor the progress in closing out conditions placed upon the certification of the fishery and if agreed timelines are met.
2. Express your support to help meet conditions that may be at a government/regulatory level (where applicable).

FIPS

No related FIPs

CERTIFICATIONS

  • Annette Islands Reserve salmon:

    MSC Recertified

Fisheries

Within FishSource, the term "fishery" is used to indicate each unique combination of a flag country with a fishing gear, operating within a particular management unit, upon a resource. That resource may have a known biological stock structure and/or may be assessed at another level for practical or jurisdictional reasons. A fishery is the finest scale of resolution captured in FishSource profiles, as it is generally the scale at which sustainability can most fairly and practically be evaluated.

Fisheries
DISTRICT MANAGEMENT UNIT FLAG COUNTRY FISHING GEAR
Annette Islands Reserve Alaska United States Drift gillnets
Purse seines
Trolling lines
Cook Inlet Alaska United States Drift gillnets
Purse seines
Set gillnets (anchored)
Norton Sound Alaska United States Gillnets and entangling nets
Prince William Sound Alaska United States Drift gillnets
Purse seines
Southeast Alaska Alaska United States Drift gillnets
Purse seines
Set gillnets (anchored)
Westward Alaska Alaska United States Gillnets and entangling nets
Purse seines

Analysis

OVERVIEW

Last updated on 20 October 2011

Strengths

1. At the Alaska-wide scale, escapement goals, escapement monitoring, and harvest controls have helped produce robust returns since the early 1980s. 2. Southeast Alaska pink salmon catches have averaged over 90 million fish, nearly twice the level achieved at an earlier peak in the 1940s. 3. There is limited hatchery production of pink salmon in Southeast Alaska, the most important region for pink salmon production along with Prince William Sound.

Annette Islands Reserve

Last updated on 20 October 2011

Weaknesses

1. Wild stock yields in Prince William Sound have exhibited meaningful declines over the past 15+ years, and may be impacted by interactions between wild and hatchery fish. 2. There have been compliance issues with the local hatchery operator in Prince William Sound (Prince William Sound Aquaculture Corporation – PWSAC), and public information indicating how and whether these issues are resolved is lacking. 3. Hatchery releases from the Pillar Creek and Kitoi Bay hatcheries in Kodiak (Westward Alaska) are not marked, making it difficult to assess possible impacts upon wild stocks.

Annette Islands Reserve

Last updated on 20 October 2011

RECOMMENDATIONS
Annette Islands Reserve

Last updated on 28 June 2016

Improvement Recommendations to Catchers & Regulators

1. Work actively to address and close out conditions placed upon the certification of the fishery in the agreed timeframe.
2. Report achievements publicly to share progress with buyers.

Recommendations to Retailers & Supply Chain

1. Monitor the progress in closing out conditions placed upon the certification of the fishery and if agreed timelines are met.
2. Express your support to help meet conditions that may be at a government/regulatory level (where applicable).

1.STOCK STATUS

STOCK ASSESSMENT

Last updated on 20 October 2011

Harvest Monitoring

Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G) achieves accurate harvest monitoring through its fish-ticket/e-landing reporting system. However, stock-specific harvest estimates are often not possible in areas where salmon migrate as mixed stocks through a multi-district corridor.

Escapement Monitoring

In the main pink salmon production regions of Alaska, Prince William Sound and Southeast Alaska, escapement is primarily monitored through the use of aerial surveys. Aerial surveys cover approximately 20% of the Prince William Sound pink salmon streams, which represent 75–85% of total regional escapement. Meanwhile, some 718 of the 2,500 pink salmon spawning streams in Southeast Alaska are monitored.

The escapement monitoring method and estimates of wild harvest, in principle, allow for estimates of wild run size and productivity for particular management districts.

SCIENTIFIC ADVICE

Last updated on 20 October 2011

ADF&G has a formal process for internal peer review of research, including district escapement goal reviews that occur once every three years. External review has been less intensive, but two MSC assessments (2000, 2007) have reviewed research processes and findings. Research results are provided to stakeholders. Under Alaska’s Sustainable Salmon Policy, ADF&G “has expended considerable effort since 2000 to update salmon stock status information and review and update the scientific basis of salmon escapement goals—producing an extensive series of published reports in the process. There are currently 287 escapement goals established for salmon stocks or stock aggregates throughout the state.

Scientifically defensible escapement targets for appropriately defined stock units generally prevail for pink salmon stocks in Alaska.However, there are several relevant, open Marine Stewardship Council conditions from the 2012 certificate pertaining to issues regarding straying hatchery fish into wild stock escapements in Prince William Sound (25 and 26), and concerns over the contribution of non-local stocks to the Peninsula/ Aleutian Island region fisheries (58) (Moody Marine 2011).Publication of results from Western Alaska Salmon Stock Identification Project (WASSIP), which has occurred in 2012 and 2013, is expected to close the latter condition during MSC re-certification of Alaska salmon in 2013. Some progress has been made on components of conditions 25 and 26 as well; however, their full intent is not likely to be met imminently. Recently published results of ADF&G research on the magnitude and distribution of hatchery straying in PWS (Brenner et al. 2012) further reinforce the need to quantify hatchery straying rates to the extent that they can be accounted for in estimates of wild spawning abundance and management goals, and the importance of evaluating potential adverse effects to wild stock fitness as a result of intermingling hatchery and wild stocks in spawning escapements.

Reference Points

Last updated on 20 Oct 2011

Performance against escapement goals varies by region and district fishery. The majority of significantly exploited pink salmon stock groupings in Alaska are actively managed and monitored for escapement, and extended periods of below target escapements have generally been avoided. In Prince William Sound, however, district-specific escapement objectives have been repeatedly missed in the past 15 years, especially in the even years. At the other end of the spectrum, escapement goals for pink salmon in Southeast Alaska have not been missed more than twice for any stock in the last 15 years.

CURRENT STATUS

Last updated on 12 August 2013

Stock status is assessed based on multi-year escapement trends and performance against escapement goals (see synopsis under reference point section and more detailed information under district profiles). 

Trends

Last updated on 12 Aug 2013

Commercial fishery harvest trends for pink salmon in achieved a historic peak in the 1940s of approximately 49 million fish annually. However, a new peak has been achieved in recent history, with harvests since 1980 amounting to approximately 92.6 million fish annually, or about 53% above the prior peak (Figure 2).


Figure 2: Historic Alaska pink salmon statewide harvest and overall catch value, 1878-2012 (http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=commercialbyfisherysalmon.salmoncatch#/pink).

Annette Islands Reserve

Stock status is assessed based on multi-year escapement trends and performance against escapement goals. See synopsis under reference point section.

2.MANAGEMENT QUALITY

MANAGEMENT

Last updated on 20 October 2011

In-season management responsiveness

ADF&G has a proven record of active salmon fishery management in Alaska. Fishery managers rely on rolling time-area closures and monitoring of catch and escapement to control harvests. These controls are used to achieve escapement goals and to spread the catch out over the course of the run in order to avoid depletion of localized components of the run.

Multi-year management responsiveness

There are no pink salmon stocks of concern in Alaska.The management system for Alaska salmon has also been effective in addressing other stocks of concern when designated.

However, Prince William Sound pink salmon have exhibited declining escapement and wild yield trends in the recent past. We expect the wild stock yield to either fluctuate back up in the next review cycle, or we expect management to take notice of the decline in yield from the Prince William Sound wild stocks and consider this as a yield concern.

Management responsiveness to habitat issues

ADF&G has a division devoted to permitting and monitoring the use of freshwater habitat. The agency has a record of altering or halting projects that may diminish salmon habitat.

Recovery Plans

Last updated on 20 Oct 2011

None required.

COMPLIANCE

Last updated on 27 December 2011

ADF&G has an extensive fish-ticket reporting system, with compliance monitoring and criminal penalties for intentional misreporting.

HATCHERY IMPACTS

Two of the three main pink salmon producing regions of Alaska, Prince William Sound and Kodiak, operate large-scale hatchery programs. In the third region, Southeast Alaska, hatchery fish comprise approximately 1% of the pink salmon harvest. Alaskan hatcheries release more pink salmon juveniles than any other salmon species, with pink salmon currently comprising 56% of hatchery releases. Releases of pink salmon from Alaskan hatcheries have held fairly steady over the last 15 years, while steady increases in chum salmon releases have fueled an overall increase in Alaskan hatchery releases of all salmon species to a new peak of 1.671 billion releases in 2012.


Figure 1: Annual releases of the five species of salmon from Alaskan hatcheries, 1982-2012 (figures taken from ADF&G and Fred annual enhancement reports, 1982-2012).

In the 2007 MSC assessment, the Prince William Sound (PWS) pink salmon fishery rated “barely 60” for performance indicator 3.1.10 regarding evaluation of hatchery practices and impacts on wild stocks (SCS 2007). A relevant condition (#67) was assessed (and remains open) (Moody Marine 2011). Since the 2007 assessment, Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G) has adopted a two-phase hatchery review schedule that is moving from region to region annually. The review began in Western Alaska in 2011, but only looked at policies and regulations in the first phase. Impacts on wild stocks will be examined only in the second phase. PWS will undergo first-phase review in 2012, but the second phase will likely not take place for another five years, meaning that this condition will have gone unanswered for 10 years (Mark Stopha, ADF&G Hatchery Program Evaluation Specialist, personal communication, 2012).

An internal ADF&G review of Prince William Sound Aquaculture Corporation (PWSAC), which unearthed several violations of regulations that protect wild stocks and other regulations, was conducted in 2009 (Lewis et al. 2009). The review was posted, then subsequently pulled from the ADF&G website, and no public information exists indicating that any actions have been taken on the recommendations of the reviewers.

Risk of hatchery enhancement activities in PWS has increased since the 2007 assessment date due to approved production increases that have occurred after the assessment. In 2011, a 34 million pink salmon hatchery production increase (5% region-wide increase) at Cannery Creek Hatchery (part of PWSAC), was approved. A memo from prominent ADF&G staff scientists (including both the Commercial and Sport Fish Division chief scientists) argues against approval of the permit alteration request (PAR) submitted by PWSAC in 2011, but the request was approved by the Commissioner of Fish & Game (Volk et al. 2011).

Greater scientific evidence of risk of hatchery activities in the region has also been documented since 2007. Results of ADF&G research on the magnitude and distribution of hatchery straying in PWS using data for pink salmon since 2008 showed very high straying rates (0-85%) in historically significant spawning areas (Brenner et 2012).

Currently, there is insufficient information to conclude that harvests targeting enhanced fish are not adversely affecting wild pink stocks or that enhancement activities are not negatively impacting wild stock abundance or fitness. In light of this fact, it is troubling that permit alteration requests are being approved, hatchery evaluation plans are developing slowly, and recommendations of prominent scientists are not being followed.

Specifically, due to the “barely 60” 2007 MSC assessment rating for indicator 3.1.10, slow management response to this indicator, and heightened risk introduced by regional hatchery volume increases implemented since then, FishSource considers that the fishery no longer meets the MSC 60 standard for this indicator, reflected in a “<6” rating for this criterion.

3.ENVIRONMENT AND BIODIVERSITY

BYCATCH
ETP Species

Last updated on 20 October 2011

Pink salmon fisheries in Southeast Alaska intercept migrating sockeye stocks that originate in British Columbia, as well as migrating Chinook salmon stocks that originate in British Columbia and the Pacific Northwest USA. This take is closely monitored with Coded Wire Tags (CWT) and genetic data. Analyses are done post-season and results are presented annually to the Pacific Salmon Commission Northern Boundary Technical committee.

Limitations on harvest of British Columbia sockeye salmon in the Southeast Alaska pink salmon fishery are enacted under the auspices of the Pacific Salmon Treaty. The District 104 purse seine fishery is currently allotted 2.45% of Skeena and Nass (British Columbia) sockeye stocks and the District 101 fishery gillnet fishery 13.8%. Alaskan harvest of B.C. Nass and Skeena sockeye salmon averages 20% of total harvest of these stocks.

Overages and underages in interception harvests of Districts 104 and 101 are accumulated and carried forward to the next year (there is a running total of overages and underages) and management is expected to address any overages in the next year.By agreement, if there are overages for 5 consecutive years, management is mandated to come up with a management plan to reduce the cumulative overage.

The Alaska District 104 seine catch has been over the target catch in only 4 of the last 14 years and has a cumulative underage of over 100,000 sockeye.

Due to early closure of the Skeena river sockeye salmon fishery in Northern British Columbia in 2013, PSC managers will likely explore additional regulatory measures that can help Alaskan and B.C. managers to respond to major conservation concerns in-season (Clark, J, pers. comm., 08-09-13).

As for bycatch of non-salmonids, this fishery uses set and drift gillnets that can pose significant risk to diving seabirds. Two PET species that occur within the area of the fishery are Marbled Murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus) and Kittlitz’s Murrelet (B. brevirostris). A 2000 supplemental Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) declared that there was no significant impact on seabirds. However, the EIS claim is not supported with observer, logbook or other data. The finding was made was based on information that has not been updated since before 2000, and gave only consideration to the lack of competition for prey species, not entanglement in gear.

HABITAT

Last updated on 20 October 2011

The 2007 MSC assessment authors identified no lasting habitat impacts from salmon fishing in Alaska. Salmon gear in SE Alaska is fished with little bottom contact.

Alaska’s freshwater salmon habitat has benefited from sparse human occupancy in most watersheds and a suite of state laws governing activities (road-building, logging, mining, etc.) in riparian areas and spawning streams. Alaska’s Anadromous Fish Act regulates construction activities in salmon streams; its Forest Practices Act requires buffer zones to protect salmon spawning and rearing areas from logging impacts; the Commissioner of Fish and Game has authoroity to require water rights on behalf of fish. Streamflow necessary for salmon is reserved under the Water Use Protection Act. Alaska’s Department of Environmental Conservation oversees discharge of pollutants to protect fresh and marine waters.

Climate change and especially its corollary, ocean acidification, are expected to bring significant changes to marine habitat of salmon in the North Pacific. Fishery managers will need “to know how acidification will affect managed species, and how quickly it will happen" (Evans et al., NPFMC 2007).

The recent (2012) failure of the Alaska Legislature to renew the Coastal Zone Management Program decreases the opportunity for review of coastal development projects. Alaska is the only state with coastal waters that does not have an active CZMP. The real strength of the CZMP was the designation of uses allowed in coastal zones. Much as a city can designate certain areas as residential and others as industrial, the CZMP designated certain coastal zones for conservation and others for growth, with limitations specified in permits. The CZMP provided a basis for protecting, restoring, and responsibly developing Alaska’s coastal communities and resources. The CZMP was also particularly useful in coordinating state and federal actions and provided a much-needed forum for public input concerning coastal habitat issues.

Marine Reserves

Last updated on 20 Oct 2011

Spatial and temporal fishery closures are actively used by fisheries management, and these measures achieve results commensurate with that of Marine Protected Area creation.

FishSource Scores

MANAGEMENT QUALITY

Click on the score to see subscores

As calculated for 2013 data.

The score is ≥ 8.

On relevant MSC performance indicators 1.1.2 (Reference points) and 1.2.4 (Assessment of stock status), the fishery scored "80" and "85," respectively. "It is highly likely that the target and limit reference points are consistent with maintaining the inherent diversity and reproductive capacity of each stock subcomponent of pink salmon" (SCS 2011).

Click on the score to see subscores

×

Management Responsiveness Subscores

×

Adequacy of Data Subscores

STOCK HEALTH:

Click on the score to see subscores

Click on the score to see subscores

×

Stock Status Subscores

×

Hatchery Impacts Subscores

Choose Stock:
To see data for catch and tac, please view this site on a desktop.
No data available for hatchery releases
No data available for hatchery releases
To see data for escapement, please view this site on a desktop.
To see data for management quality, please view this site on a desktop.
To see data for stock status, please view this site on a desktop.
To see data for hatchery impacts, please view this site on a desktop.
DATA NOTES

Scores appearing at the region level reflect the range of scores for the district profiles for each of the five FishSource criteria.

The FishSource salmon scoring method is applied at the district level; click here to download.

The FishSource sustainability criteria as applied to salmon: Criterion 1. Management Responsiveness (Is the management strategy precautionary?) 1.1 Over the last decade, has fisheries management exhibited in-season responsiveness to stock status? 1.2 Has fisheries management responded appropriately over the last 15 years when/if the stock has failed to meet management objectives and/or maintain yields? 1.3 Has management exhibited responsiveness to concerns regarding the conservation and restoration of the stock’s essential freshwater, estuarine and coastal habitats during the last ten years? Criterion 2. Management Guidelines (Do the managers follow scientific advice?) Have appropriate escapement goals or operational equivalents been developed and implemented for the fishery’s wild stocks? Criterion 3. Adequacy of Data (Do fishers comply?) 3.1 Is a portion of harvest attributable to illegal, unreported, or unregulated fishing, resulting in official harvest data that is lower than the actual catch? 3.2 Is the fishery’s harvest adequately and accurately measured and reported? 3.3 Has escapement been adequately and accurately measured and publicly reported? Criterion 4. Stock Status (Is the fish stock healthy?) 4.1 Have escapement measures for the fishery’s wild stocks been maintained above escapement goals or thresholds, or have harvest rates been below the target harvest rates? 4.2 Has the catch trend been level or increasing over a 15-year period? Criterion 5. Are hatcheries or other enhancement activities negatively affecting wild stocks? (Will the fish stock be healthy in the future?) 5.0 Do hatcheries account for 10% or less of the fishery’s total production, or are hatchery-produced fish not in substantial contact with wild salmon? If “no,” then the following sub-criteria are analyzed: 5.1 Are managers able to manage for the (wild) stocks in a fishery that also contains hatchery stocks of salmon? 5.2 Is there a low quantity of hatchery strays in the escapement throughout the freshwater habitat of the wild stock, and is hatchery straying quantified by means of a technically sound data collection and analysis? 5.3 Over the past 10 years, have hatchery strays, hatchery out-plants, or any returning hatchery-produced fish been intentionally allowed to mix with the wild stock during spawning? 5.4 Are there active and effective policies that (1) establish objectives for the conservation of wild salmon, (2) put into place operational systems that limit hatchery impacts on wild stocks, (3) grant sufficient oversight and authority over individual hatchery programs to management agencies, and (4) establish a hatchery evaluation system that monitors the performance of individual hatcheries against wild salmon conservation objectives?

Annette Islands Reserve

Last updated on 21 June 2012

Click here to download the FishSource salmon scoring method.

Annette Island catch is calculated based on annual catch in numbers of fish (SCS 2011) and average annual weights of sockeye salmon in Southeast Alaska harvests (NPAFC 2011).

Download Source Data

Registered users can download the original data file for calculating the scores after logging in. If you wish, you can Register now.

Fishery Improvement Projects (FIPs)

No related FIPs

Certifications

Marine Stewardship Council (MSC)

SELECT MSC

NAME

Annette Islands Reserve salmon

STATUS

MSC Recertified on 25 April 2017

SCORES

Certification Type: Silver

Sources

Credits

Acknowledgements

SFP is grateful to David Wiedenfeld of the American Bird Conservancy for contributing to this profile’s content.

References:

  1. ADF&G (Alaska Department of Fish and Game), 2012. The Western Alaska Salmon Stock Identification Project (WASSIP) [online]http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=wassip.main
  2. Brenner, R.E., Moffit, S.D, and Grant, W.S., 2012. Straying of hatchery salmon in Prince William Sound, Alaska. Environmental Biology of Fishes, [online] 93. http://www.springerlink.com/content/a648812q28552562/fulltext.pdf
  3. Intertek Moody Marine Ltd. (Moody Marine) 2011. "Fourth Marine Stewardship Council Annual Surveillance Report Alaska Salmon Fisheries."http://www.msc.org/track-a-fishery/certified/pacific/alaska-salmon/assessment-downloads-2/Fourth_Marine_Stewardship_Council_Surveillance_Audit_Final.pdf
  4. Lewis, B., J. Botz, S. Moffitt, G. Hollowell, D. Gray, J. Regnart, S. Palmer, C. Farrington, and B. White. 2009. Alaska Department of Fish and Game Internal Review of Prince William Sound Aquaculture Corporation. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Special Publication No. 09-10, Anchorage.SP09-10.pdf
  5. NPAFC. "North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission Statistical Yearbook. 1993-2009."http://www.npafc.org/new/pub_statistics.html
  6. Scientific Certification Systems (SCS). December 30, 2007. “The Commercial Alaska Salmon Fisheries Managed by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game: A 5-Year Re-Assessment Based on the Marine Stewardship Council Program.”http://www.msc.org/track-a-fishery/certified/pacific/alaska-salmon/assessment-downloads-2/Final_Cert_Report_Oct07.pdf
  7. Stopha, M., 2012. Discussion of Gulkana Sockeye Hatchery review. [telephone] personal communication, February 6, 2012.http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=contacts.hatcheries
  8. Vercessi, Lorraine. 2012. Alaska Salmon Fisheries Enhancement Program 2011 Annual Report. Fishery Management Report No. 12-04. Anchorage, AK, ADF&G. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidpdfs/FMR12-04
  9. Volk, E. C. and R. P. Josephson. 2011. Alaska Salmon Hatchery Releases, Commercial Fishery Catch Statistics, and Sport Fishery Catch Statistics for 2010 Season. NPAFC Doc. 1338. 6pp. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Commercial Fisheries, P.O. Box 115526, Juneau, AK. 99811-5526.http://www.npafc.org/new/publications/Documents/PDF%202011/1338(USA).pdf
  10. Volk, E., Josephson, R., and Clark, B. April 13, 2011. Memo to Jeff Regnart and Charles Swanton Re: PWSAC Permit Alteration Requests.2011_PWS_PAR_Memo.pdf
  11. Beamesderfer, R., Vincent, A., 2014. Annette Islands Reserve Salmon Fisheries - 2014 MSC Surveillance Visit Report. Scientific Certification Systems, July 2014. 69pphttp://www.msc.org/track-a-fishery/fisheries-in-the-program/certified/pacific/annette-islands-reserve-salmon/assessment-downloads-1/20140731_SR_SAL148.pdf
  12. Davidson, B. et al. 2011. "Annual Management Report of the 2010 Southeast Alaska Commercial Purse Seine and Drift Gillnet Fisheries." Fishery Management Report No. 11-27. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidpdfs/FMR11-27.pdf

  13. NPAFC. "North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission Statistical Yearbook. 1993-2009." http://www.npafc.org/new/pub_statistics.htmlScientific Certification Systems (SCS). 2011. MSC FINAL CERTIFICATION REPORT: THE ANNETTE ISLANDS RESERVE SALMON FISHERY. Certificate Code SCS-MF-0025.http://www.msc.org/track-a-fishery/certified/pacific/annette-islands-reserve-salmon/assessment-downloads-1/SS_FISH_AIR_V5_FinalPublicCertificationReport_.pdf

  14. Scientific Certification Systems (SCS). 2011. MSC FINAL CERTIFICATION REPORT: THE ANNETTE ISLANDS RESERVE SALMON FISHERY. Certificate Code SCS-MF-0025.  http://www.msc.org/track-a-fishery/certified/pacific/annette-islands-reserve-salmon/assessment-downloads-1/SS_FISH_AIR_V5_FinalPublicCertificationReport_.pdf

  15. SCS (Scientific Certification Systems). 2012. ANNETTE ISLANDS RESERVE SALMON FISHERIES: 2012 MSC Surveillance Visit Report. Certificate Number: F-SCS-0025.http://www.msc.org/track-a-fishery/certified/pacific/annette-islands-reserve-salmon/assessment-downloads-1/20120612_SR.pdf

  16. SCS (Scientific Certification Systems), 2013. Annette Islands Reserve Salmon Fisheries - 2013 MSC Surveillance Visit Report.June 2013. 51pphttp://www.msc.org/track-a-fishery/fisheries-in-the-program/certified/pacific/annette-islands-reserve-salmon/assessment-downloads-1/20130627_SR_SAL148.pdf
  17. Skannes, P., Hagerman, G., and Shaul, L. 2012. Annual Management Report for the 2011 Southeast Alaska/Yakutat Salmon Troll Fisheries. Fishery Management Report No. 12-02. Anchorage, AK: Alaska Department of Fish and Game. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov
  18. Vincent, A., Beamesderfer, R., 2015. Annette Islands Reserve Salmon 4th Annual Surveillance Audit Report. SCS Global Services. July 2015. 32pp https://www.msc.org/track-a-fishery/fisheries-in-the-program/certified/pacific/annette-islands-reserve-salmon/assessment-downloads-1/20150723_SR_SAL148.pdf
  19. Blyth-Skyrme, R., Ruggerone, G., Schmidt, D., Seeb, J., Knapman, P., 2013. Alaska Salmon Fishery – Public Certification Report. Intertek Moody Marine, November 2013. 583pphttp://www.msc.org/track-a-fishery/fisheries-in-the-program/certified/pacific/alaska-salmon/new-client-2nd-re-assessment-download-documents/20131114_PCR_V3_SAL002.pdf
  20. Blyth-Skyrme, R., Ruggerone, G., Seeb, J., 2015. First Annual Surveillance Report - Alaska Salmon Fishery. Intertek Fisheries Certification Ltd, February 2015. 47pphttp://www.msc.org/track-a-fishery/fisheries-in-the-program/certified/pacific/alaska-salmon/new-client-2nd-re-assessment-download-documents/20150224_SR_SAL002.pdf
  21. Volk, E. C. and R. P. Josephson. 2011. Alaska Salmon Hatchery Releases, Commercial Fishery Catch Statistics, and Sport Fishery Catch Statistics for 2010 Season. NPAFC Doc. 1338. 6pp. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Commercial Fisheries, P.O. Box 115526, Juneau, AK. 99811-5526.http://www.npafc.org/new/publications/Documents/PDF%202011/1338(USA).pd
  22. ADF&G (Alaska Department of Fish and Game), 2004. Escapement goal review of select AYK Region salmon stocks.[pdf] Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Commercial Fisheries Regional Information Report 3A04-01, Anchorage.http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidPDFs/rir.3a.2004.01.pdf
  23. ADF&G (Alaska Department of Fish and Game), 2011. 2011 Norton Sound Salmon Season Summary. [news release] Alaska Department of Fish and Game, 103 East Front Street, Nome, Alaska.http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/static/fishing/PDFs/commercial/2011_norton_salmon_summary.pdf
  24. ADF&G (Alaska Department of Fish and Game), 2012a. 2012 Norton Sound Salmon Season Summary. [news release] Alaska Department of Fish and Game, 103 East Front Street, Nome, Alaska. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/static/home/news/pdfs/newsreleases/cf/232684328.pdf
  25. ADF&G (Alaska Department of Fish and Game), 2012b. Arctic-Yukon- Kuskokwim Stock of Concern Recommendations. [Memorandum to Alaska Board of Fisheries Members from ADF&G Commercial Fisheries Division Director, Jeff Regnart and Sport Fisher Division Director, Charles O. Swanton], Alaska Department of Fish & Game Office, 1255 West 8th Street, P.O. Box 25526, Juneau.http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=fisheriesboard.meetinginfo
  26. ADF&G (Alaska Department of Fish and Game), 2012c. Habitat Division Website.[online].http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=habitatregulations.main
  27. ADF&G (Alaska Department of Fish and Game), Various Authors, 1982-2011. Annual Management Reports of the Norton Sound and Kotzebue Sound Area Commercial Salmon Fisheries. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Fishery Management Report No. __-__, Anchorage.http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidpdfs/FMR12-31.pdf
  28. ADF&G (Alaska Department of Fish & Game), Various Authors, 1998-2012. Alaska Salmon Fisheries Enhancement Program Annual Reports [for the years 1997-2011]. Fishery Management Report No. __-__. Anchorage, AK, ADF&G. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidpdfs/FMR12-04
  29. Anderson, T. J. and Nichols, N.W., 2012. Chignik Management Area salmon and herring Annual Management Report, 2011. [pdf] Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Fishery Management Report No. 12-18, Anchorage. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidPDFs/FMR12-18.pdf
  30. FishSource. 2012. Annual Harvest Statistics: Pink Salmon Profileshttp://www.fishsource.com
  31. Geiger, H. J. and Zhang, X., 2002. A simple procedure to evaluate salmon escapement trends that emphasizes biological meaning over statistical significance. [pdf] Alaska Fishery Research Bulletin 9(2):128-134.http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidPDFs/AFRB.09.2.128-134.pdf
  32. Jackson, J., Dinnocenzo, J., and Spalinger, g., 2010. Kodiak Management Area commercial salmon fishery annual management report, 2010. [pdf] Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Fishery Management Report No. 10-47, Anchorage.http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidPDFs/FMR10-47.pdf
  33. Menard, J., Soong, J., and Kent, S., 2012. 2010 annual management report Norton Sound, Port Clarence, and Kotzebue. [pdf] Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Fishery Management Report No. 12-31, Anchorage.http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidPDFs/FMR12-31.pdf
  34. Munro, A. R., and Volk, E.C., 2012. Summary of Pacific salmon escapement goals in Alaska with a review of escapements from 2003 to 2011. [pdf] Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Special Publication No. 12-03, Anchorage. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidPDFs/FMS12-03.pdf
  35. Vercessi, Lorraine. 2012. Alaska Salmon Fisheries Enhancement Program 2011 Annual Report. Fishery Management Report No. 12-04. Anchorage, AK: Alaska Department of Fish and Game.http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidpdfs/FMR12-04
  36. Volk, E., Evenson, M. J., and Clark, R. A., 2009. Escapement goal recommendations for select Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim Region salmon stocks, 2010. [pdf] Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Fishery Manuscript No. 09-07, Anchorage.http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidPDFs/FMS09-07.pdf
  37. Wilburn, D. W. and Keyse, M.D., 2012. Annual summary of the commercial and subsistence salmon fisheries and salmon escapements in the Alaska Peninsula, Aleutian Islands, and Atka-Amlia Islands Management Areas, 2011. [pdf] Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Fishery Management Report No. 12-26, Anchorage. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidPDFs/FMR12-26.pdf
  38. ADF&G (Alaska Department of Fish and Game). 2011 Prince William Sound Season Summary. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/static/fishing/PDFs/commercial/pws_salmon_summary_11.pdf
  39. ADF&G (Alaska Department of Fish and Game). 2012a. Prince William Sound Salmon Districts.http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=CommercialByFisherySalmon.salmonmaps_districts_pws
  40. ADF&G (Alaska Department of Fish and Game). 2012b. Habitat Division Website.http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=habitatregulations.main
  41. ADF&G (Alaska Department of Fish and Game). 2012c. Commercial Fishing Reporting Website.http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=fishlicense.reporting
  42. ADF&G (Alaska Department of Fish and Game). 2012d. Request for Proposals. Interactions of Wild and Hatchery Pink and Chum Salmon in Prince William Sound and Southeast Alaska. May 7, 2012. RFP 2013-1100-1020.http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/static/fishing/PDFs/hatcheries/research/rfp_hatchery_fish_interaction.pdf
  43. ADF&G (Alaska Department of Fish and Game), 2012e. 2012 Preliminary Lower Cook Inlet Salmon Season Summary. [news release] Alaska Department of Fish and Game, 3928 Douglas Place, Homer, Alaska. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/static/home/news/pdfs/newsreleases/cf/243954374.pdf
  44. ADF&G (Alaska Department of Fish and Game), 2014a. 2014 Notices of Permit Alteration. [unpublished]http://www.adfg.alaska.gov
  45. ADF&G (Alaska Department of Fish and Game), 2014b. Hatcheries Research: Current Research Project. [online] http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=fishingHatcheriesResearch.current_research
  46. Alaska Board of Fisheries. 2006. Findings on Prince William Sound Management and Salmon Enhancement Allocation Plan #2006-248-FB. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/static/regulations/regprocess/fisheriesboard/pdfs/findings/ff06248x.pdf.
  47. Alaska Department of Revenue. 2003–2011. Annual Alaska Salmon Price Reports. http://www.tax.alaska.gov/programs/programs/other/fish/salmonreports/index.aspx?60620
  48. Ashe, D., Gray, D., Lewis, B., Moffitt, S., and Merizon. R. 2005. Prince William Sound management area 2004 Annual Finfish Management Report. Fishery Management Report No. 05–65. http://www.sf.adfg.state.ak.us/FedAidPDFs/fmr05-65.pdf
  49. Aspelund, S. March 29, 2011. Memo to Cora Campbell Re: 2010 Prince William Sound Aquaculture Internal Review Committee Report. Unpublished.http://www.adfg.alaska.gov
  50. Augerot, X. and Foley, D. 2005. Atlas of Pacific Salmon: The First Map Based Status Assessment of Salmon in the North Pacific. University of California Press. Berkeley. http://www.stateofthesalmon.org/atlas/
  51. Botz, J., Hollowell, G., Sheridan, T., Brenner, R. and Moffitt, S. 2012. 2010 Prince William Sound area finfish management report. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Fishery Management Report No. 12-06, Anchorage.http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidpdfs/FMR12-06.pdf
  52. Bradner, T. 2012. Coastal management initiative fails by a heavy margin. Alaska Journal of Commerce [online] August 31, 2012.http://www.alaskajournal.com/Alaska-Journal-of-Commerce/September-Issue-2-2012/Coastal-management-initiative-fails-by-a-heavy-margin/
  53. Brenner, R., A. Piston, S. Moffitt and S. Heinl, (unpublished). May 5, 2010 Presentation on Hatchery salmon straying studies: Prince William Sound and Southeast, Alaska. [pdf] State of the Salmon Conference, Portland, OR. May 4-7 2010.http://www.stateofthesalmon.org/conference2010/downloads/Wed_presentations/Session_1c/Brenner_0047_pres.pdf
  54. Brenner, R.E., Moffit, S.D, and Grant, W.S., 2012. Straying of hatchery salmon in Prince William Sound, Alaska. Environmental Biology of Fishes, [online] 93.http://www.springerlink.com/content/a648812q28552562/fulltext.pdf
  55. Bue, B.G., Fried, S.M., Sharr, S., Sharp, O.G., Wilcock, J.A., and Geiger, H.J. 1998. Estimating salmon escapement using area-under-the-curve, aerial observer efficiency, and stream-life estimates: The Prince William Sound pink salmon example. N. Pac. Anadr. Fish Comm. Bull. No.1: 240-250 http://www.npafc.org/new/publications/Bulletin/Bulletin%20No.%201/page%20240-250(Bue).PDF
  56. Bue, B. G., Hasbrouck, J.J., and Evenson, M. J. 2002. Escapement goal review of Copper River and Bering Rivers, and Prince William Sound Pacific salmon stocks. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Commercial Fisheries, Regional Information Report 2A02–35, Anchorage.http://www.arlis.org/docs/vol1/214076619.pdf
  57. Clark, J.H., McGregor, A., Mecum, R.D., Krasnowki, P., and Carroll, A.M. 2006. The commercial salmon fisheries in Alaska. Alaska Fishery Research Bulletin 12(1): 1–146.http://www.sf.adfg.state.ak.us/FedAidPDFs/AFRB.12.1.001-146.pdf
  58. Commercial Fisheries Entry Commission. 2011. Fishery Statistics - Participation and Earnings. http://www.cfec.state.ak.us/fishery_statistics/earnings.htm
  59. Conrad, S., and Davidson, W., 2013. Overview of the 2012 Southeast Alaska and Yakutat commercial, personal use, and subsistence salmon fisheries. [pdf] Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Fishery Management Report No.13-03, Anchorage.http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidPDFs/FMR13-03.pdf
  60. Eggers, D.M. and Carroll, A.M. 2012. Run harvest projections for the 2012 Alaska salmon fisheries and review of the 2011 Season. Special Publication 12-01. Anchorage.http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidPDFs/SP12-01.pdf
  61. Eggers, D. M., Tide, C., and Carroll, A.M., 2013. Run forecasts and harvest projections for 2013 Alaska salmon fisheries and review of the 2012 season. [pdf] Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Special Publication No. 13-03, Anchorage.http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidPDFs/SP13-03.pdf
  62. Evenson, M.J.; Hasbrouck, S.D.; Moffitt, S.D. and Fair, L. 2008 Escapement goal review for Copper-Bering, Copper River and Prince William Sound salmon stocks. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Fishery Manuscript No. 08-01, Anchorage.http://www.sf.adfg.state.ak.us/FedAidPDFs/fms08-01.pdf
  63. Fair, L.F., Moffitt, S.D., Evenson, M.J. and Erickson, J.W. 2011. Escapement goal review of Copper and Bering rivers, and Prince William Sound Pacific salmon stocks, 2011. Alaska Department of Fish and Game Fishery Manuscript No. 11-07, Anchorage.http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidpdfs/FMS11-07.pdf
  64. Forgey, P. 2012. Parnell veto may delay Coastal Management's startup.Juneau Empire [online] May 17, 2012.http://juneauempire.com/local/2012-05-17/parnell-veto-may-delay-coastal-managements-startup#.U6uSyhZQ8ds
  65. Fried, S. M. 1994. Pacific salmon spawning escapement goals for the Prince William Sound, Cook Inlet, and Bristol Bay areas of Alaska. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Commercial Fisheries Management and Development Division, Special Publication No. 8, Juneau.http://www.sf.adfg.state.ak.us/FedAidPDFs/cfsp.08.pdf
  66. FS salmon methodFS_salmon_082213.pdf
  67. Geiger, H. and Zhang, X. 2002. A simple procedure to evaluate escapement trends over time that emphasizes biological meaning over statistical significance. Alaska Fishery Research Bulletin, 9(2): 128-134.http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/static/home/library/PDFs/afrb/geigv9n2.pdf
  68. Groot, C. and Margolis, L. 1991. Pacific Salmon Life Histories. University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. http://swrcb2.swrcb.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/bay_delta/deltaflow/docs/exhibits/nmfs/spprt_docs/nmfs_exh4_healey_1991.pdf
  69. Habicht, C., 2012. Historical Perspectives on hatcheries and population structure of chum salmon in Prince William Sound Alaska. [oral presentation/personal communication] Presented at the 25th North Pacific Pink and Chum Workshop, February 13-15, 2012, Juneau, Alaska.http://pinkandchum.psc.org/
  70. Hilborn, R. and Eggers D. 2000. A review of the hatchery programs for pink salmon in Prince William Sound and Kodiak Island, Alaska. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 129: 333––350.http://www.sfos.uaf.edu/news/2001/11/hilborn_eggers.pdf
  71. Hollowell, G., , Otis, T., and Ford, E., 2012. 2011 Lower Cook Inlet area finfish management report. [pdf] Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Fishery Management Report No. 12-30, Anchorage.http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidPDFs/FMR12-30.pdf
  72. Intertek Moody Marine Ltd. (Moody Marine) 2011. Fourth Marine Stewardship Council Annual Surveillance Report Alaska Salmon Fisheries.http://www.msc.org/track-a-fishery/certified/pacific/alaska-salmon/assessment-downloads-2/Fourth_Marine_Stewardship_Council_Surveillance_Audit_Final.pdf
  73. Intertek Moody Marine Ltd. (Moody Marine) 2013. Alaska Salmon Fishery Public Certification Report. [pdf]http://www.msc.org/track-a-fishery/fisheries-in-the-program/certified/pacific/alaska-salmon/new-client-2nd-re-assessment-download-documents/20131114_PCR_V3_SAL002.pdf
  74. Joyce, T. L., and Evans, D. G. 1999. Otolith marking of pink salmon in Prince William Sound salmon hatcheries. Exxon Valdez oil spill restoration project Final Report (Restoration Project 99188), Alaska Department of Fish and Game. Unpublished. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/
  75. Knapp, G. 2012. Trends in Alaska Salmon Markets. Presentation for “ComFish Alaska 2012.” Kodiak, AK.http://fnonlinenews.blogspot.com/2012/04/wild-salmons-future-looks-bright-alaska.html
  76. Lewis, B., J. Botz, S. Moffitt, G. Hollowell, D. Gray, J. Regnart, S. Palmer, C. Farrington, and B. White. 2009. Alaska Department of Fish and Game Internal Review of Prince William Sound Aquaculture Corporation. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Special Publication No. 09-10, Anchorage.SP09-10.pdf
  77. McDowell Group. 2010. Prince William Sound Aquaculture Corporation Economic Impact Update for 2010.http://pwsac.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/PWSAC-Economic-Impact-Study-2010-update.pdf
  78. McDowell Group. 2011. Pink Salmon Product Development and the Role of Prince William Sound Aquaculture Corporation.http://pwsac.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/PSPD.pdf.
  79. Merizon, R. A. 2004. Prince William Sound chum salmon of origin. Alaska Department of Fish and Game. Unpublished memorandum. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/
  80. Morrow, J.E. 1980. The Freshwater Fishes of Alaska. Alaska Northwest Pub. Co. Anchorage, Alaska.http://www.amazon.com/Freshwater-Fishes-Alaska-James-Morrow/dp/0882401343
  81. Moss, J., Beauchamp, D.A., Cross, A.D., Myers, K.W., Farley Jr., E.V., Murphy, J.M., and Helle, J.H. 2005. Evidence for size-selective mortality after the first summer of ocean growth by pink salmon. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 134(5): 1313–1322. ftp://ftp.fisheries.ubc.ca/n.taylor/Sockeye/Sockeye/s46.pdf
  82. Munro, A.R. and Volk, E.C. 2011. Summary of Pacific salmon escapement goals in Alaska with a review of escapements from 2001 to 2010. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Special Publication 11-06.http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidpdfs/FMS11-06.pdf
  83. Munro, A. R., and Volk, E.C., 2014. Summary of Pacific salmon escapement goals in Alaska with a review of escapements from 2005 to 2013. [pdf] Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Fishery Manuscript Series No. 14-01, Anchorage. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidPDFs/FMS14-01.pdf
  84. National Wildlife Foundation. 2005. Special Ecological Sites in Alaska’s Eastern Prince William Sound and Copper River Deltahttp://www.pwsrcac.org/docs/d0024600.pdf
  85. NPAFC (North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission). 2010. Statistical Yearbook: Commercial catch by species and country, in tonnes (round weight).http://www.npafc.org/new/publications/Statistical%20Yearbook/Data/2010/2010page.htm
  86. NPAFC. North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission Statistical Yearbook. 1993-2009.http://www.npafc.org/new/pub_statistics.html
  87. Olsen, J.B. 1994. Development of the pink salmon enhancement program in Prince William Sound, Alaska. Pages 57–68 in Proceedings of the Sixteenth North East Pacific Pink and Chum Salmon Workshop, February 1993. W.W. Smoker editor. Alaska Sea Grant.http://books.google.com/books/about/Proceedings_of_the_16th_Northeast_Pacifi.html?id=plUYAQAAIAAJ
  88. Pearson, W.H., Deriso, R.B., Elston, R.A., Hook, S.E., Parker, K.R., and Anderson, J.W., 2012. Hypotheses concerning the decline and poor recovery of Pacific Herring in Prince William Sound, Alaska. [pdf] Rev Fish Biol Fisheries (2012) 22:95–135 DOI 10.1007/s11160-011-9225-7. Available at Springerlink.com.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11160-011-9225-7
  89. Piston, A. W. and Heinl, S.C. 2011. Pink salmon stock status and escapement goals in Southeast Alaska. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Special Publication No. 11-18, Anchorage.http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidpdfs/SP11-18.pdf
  90. Piston, A. W. and Heinl S. C., 2011. Pink salmon stock status and escapement goals in Southeast Alaska. [pdf] Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Special Publication No. 11-18, Anchorage. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidPDFs/SP11-18.pdf
  91. Portley, N., and Sousa, P. 2013. The FishSource method for scoring salmon fisheries; a statistical approach for aligning the FishSource salmon fishery assessment method with Marine Stewardship Council ratings. Sustainable Fisheries Partnership Foundation. 40 pp.FS_salmon_method_v1__Feb5-13_.pdf
  92. PWSAC (Prince William Sound Aquaculture Corporation). 2012. Annual releases of pink salmon from the Armin Koernig, Wally Noerenberg and Cannery Creek Hatcheries.http://pwsac.com/about/hatcheries/
  93. PWS CRRPT. 1994. Prince William Sound-Copper River phase 3 comprehensive salmon plan. Prince William Sound– Copper River Regional Planning Team. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Commercial Fisheries, Cordova and Anchorage.http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/static/fishing/PDFs/hatcheries/plans/pws_copperriver_csp_10-1994.pdf
  94. PWS Pink Salmon Scorecard - JulyPWS-pink-scorecard.png
  95. PWSSC (Prince William Sound Science Center), 2013. Interactions of Wild and Hatchery Pink and Chum Salmon in Prince William Sound and Southeast Alaska, Annual Report 2012 [pdf] Annual Report prepared for the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, February 27, 2013. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/static/fishing/PDFs/hatcheries/research/pwssc4-29-13.pdf
  96. Regnart, J. and Hasbrouck, J. 2010. Prince William Sound Permit Alteration Requests, April 19, 2010 Memorandum to John Hilsinger, ADF&G Commercial Fisheries Director and Charles Swanton, ADF&G Sport Fish Division Director. Unpublished.4-19-10-ADF_G-PAR-memos.pdf
  97. Ruggerone, G., Peterman, R.M, Dorner, B., and Myers, K.M. 2010. Magnitude and trends in abundance of hatchery and wild pink salmon, chum Salmon and sockeye salmon in the North Pacific Ocean. Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science 2:306–328.http://beta.images.theglobeandmail.com/archive/00920/Read_the_report_on__920521a.pdf
  98. Scientific Certification Systems (SCS). December 30, 2007. The Commercial Alaska Salmon Fisheries Managed by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game: A 5-Year Re-Assessment Based on the Marine Stewardship Council Program.http://www.msc.org/track-a-fishery/certified/pacific/alaska-salmon/assessment-downloads-2/Final_Cert_Report_Oct07.pdf
  99. Sheridan T., Botz, J., Wiese, A., Moffitt, S., and Brenner, R. 2013. 2012 Prince William Sound area finfish management report Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Fishery Management Report No. 13-46, Anchorage.http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/
  100. Shields, P. 2010. Upper Cook Inlet commercial fisheries annual management report, 2010. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Fishery Management Report No. 10-54, Anchorage.http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidPDFs/FMR10-54.pdf
  101. Shields, P., and Dupuis, A., 2013. Upper Cook Inlet commercial fisheries annual management report, 2012. [pdf] Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Fishery Management Report No. 13-21, Anchorage. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidPDFs/FMR13-21.pdf
  102. Sinnott, R., 2014a. Fish and Game weakening land-use regulations for Alaska's wildlife refuges, sanctuaries, critical habitat areas.[online] Alaska Dispatch News, April 23, 2014.http://www.adn.com/article/20140423/fish-and-game-weakening-land-use-regulations-alaskas-wildlife-refuges-sanctuaries
  103. Sinnott, R., 2014b. Will Fish and Game have any juice left to protect fish and wildlife in Alaska once Parnell is done?. [online] Alaska Dispatch News, April 24, 2014.http://www.adn.com/article/20140424/will-fish-and-game-have-any-juice-left-protect-fish-and-wildlife-alaska-once
  104. Stopha, M., 2013. An evaluation of the Armin F. Koernig salmon hatchery for consistency with statewide policies and prescribed management practices. [pdf] Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Commercial Fisheries, Regional Information Report No. 5J13-11 Anchorage. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidPDFs/RIR.5J.2013.11.pdf
  105. Stopha, M., 2013. An evaluation of the Cannery Creek salmon hatchery for consistency with statewide policies and prescribed management practices. [pdf] Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Commercial Fisheries, Regional Information Report 5J13-06, Anchorage. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidPDFs/RIR.5J.2013.06.pdf
  106. Stopha, M., 2013. An evaluation of the Solomon Gulch salmon hatchery for consistency with statewide policies and prescribed management practices.[pdf] Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Commercial Fisheries, Regional Information Report 5J13-04, Anchorage. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidPDFs/RIR.5J.2013.04.pdf
  107. Stopha, M., 2013. An evaluation of the Wally Noerenberg Hatchery for consistency with statewide policies and prescribed management practices. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Commercial Fisheries, Regional Information Report No. 5J13-10, Anchorage. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidPDFs/RIR.5J.2013.10.pdf
  108. Templin, W.D. 1995. Reconstruction of Wild Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) Runs in Prince William Sound. Thesis, University of Alaska Fairbanks. Fairbanks, Alaska.http://www.uaf.edu/
  109. Templin, W.D. 1995. Reconstruction of Wild Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) Runs in Prince William Sound. Thesis, University of Alaska Fairbanks. Fairbanks, Alaska. http://books.google.com/books/about/Reconstruction_of_Wild_Pink_Salmon_Oncor.html?id=600ROAAACAAJ
  110. Various Authors. 1994-2011. Prince William Sound Management Area 1993-2009 Annual Finfish Management Plans.http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidPDFs/FMR10-55.pdf
  111. Vercessi, L. 2013. Alaska salmon fisheries enhancement program 2012 annual report. [pdf] Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Fishery Management Report No. 13-05, Anchorage. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidPDFs/FMR13-05.pdf
  112. Vercessi, L., 2014. Alaska salmon fisheries enhancement program 2013 annual report. [pdf] Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Fishery Management Report 14-12, Anchorage.http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidPDFs/FMR13-05.pdf
  113. Volk, E.C., Plotnick, M.D., and Carroll, A.M. 2009. Run harvest projections for the 2009 Alaska salmon fisheries and review of the 2008 season. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Special Publication 09-07. Anchorage.http://www.sf.adfg.state.ak.us/FedAidPDFs/sp09-07.pdf
  114. Volk, E., Josephson, J., and Clark, B. 2011b. Prince William Sound Permit Alteration Requests, April 13, 2011 Memorandum to John Hilsinger, ADF&G Commercial Fisheries Director.http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/
  115. Volk, E., Josephson, R., and Clark, B. April 13, 2011a. Memo to Jeff Regnart and Charles Swanton Re: PWSAC Permit Alteration Requests.2011_PWS_PAR_Memo.pdf
  116. Wertheimer, A. C., Smoker, W.W., and Heard, W. R. 2004. Effects of hatchery releases and environmental variation on wild-stock productivity: consequences for sea ranching of pink salmon in Prince William Sound, Alaska. Pages 307-326 in Stock Enhancement and Sea Ranching 2d . K. M. Leber, S. Kitada, T. Svasand, and H. L. Blankenship, editors. Blackwell Science Ltd, Oxford. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9780470751329.ch23/summary
  117. Wertheimer, A.C., Smoker, W.W., Joyce, T.L., and Heard, W.R. 2001. Comment: a review of the hatchery programs for pink salmon in Prince William Sound and Kodiak Island, Alaska. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 130:712––720.http://www.sfos.uaf.edu/news/2001/11/wert_etal.pd
  118. White, B. 2011. Alaska salmon fisheries enhancement program 2010 annual report, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Fishery Manuscript No. 11-04, Anchorage.http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidPDFs/FMR11-04.pdf
  119. Willette, T.M., Cooney, R.T., Patrick, V, Mason, D.M., Thomas, G.L., and Scheel, D. 2001. Ecological processes influencing mortality of juvenile pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) in Prince William Sound, Alaska. Fisheries Oceanography. 10 (Suppl. 1): 14–41.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1054-6006.2001.00043.x/abstract
  120. Woods, G. F., and Zeiser, N. L., 2013. Annual Management Report of the 2012 Yakutat Area commercial salmon fisheries. [PDF] Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Fishery Management Report No. 13-22, Anchorage.http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidPDFs/FMR13-22.pdf
  121. ADF&G (Alaska Department of Fish and Game), 2012a. 2012 Preliminary Lower Cook Inlet Salmon Season Summary. [news release] Alaska Department of Fish and Game, 3928 Douglas Place, Homer, Alaska.http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/static/home/news/pdfs/newsreleases/cf/243954374.pdf
  122. ADF&G (Alaska Department of Fish and Game), 2012b. Kodiak Management Area 2012 Commercial Salmon Fishery Summary, [Memorandum to ADF&G Commercial Fisheries Division Regional Supervisor Steve Honnold from Kodiak Area Management Biologist Geoff Spalinger thru ADF&G Commercial Fisheries Division Regional Finfish Management Supervisor Jeff Wadle, November 19, 2012], Alaska Department of Fish & Game, Kodiak.http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/static/fishing/PDFs/commercial/kodiak/2012_kodiak_salmon_summary.pdf
  123. ADF&G (Alaska Department of Fish and Game), 2013a. 2013 SALMON HARVEST SETS NEW RECORDS. [press release] Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Commercial Fisheries, PO Box 115526, Juneau, Alaska. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/static/fishing/pdfs/commercial/ADFG_pr_salmon_harvest_exvessel_10-12-13.pdf
  124. ADF&G (Alaska Department of Fish and Game), 2013b. Alaska Commercial Salmon Harvests and Exvessel Values. [online].http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=CommercialByFisherySalmon.exvesselquery
  125. ADF&G (Alaska Department of Fish and Game), 2013c. Alaska Department of Fish and Game FY2012 Enacted Budget: Component Summary - GF Only. [online]http://omb.alaska.gov/ombfiles/12_budget/Fish/Enacted/12compsummary_gf_fish.pdf
  126. ADF&G (Alaska Department of Fish and Game), 2013d. Alaska Department of Fish and Game FY2012 Enacted Budget: Department Total - All Fund Sources. [online]http://omb.alaska.gov/ombfiles/12_budget/Fish/Enacted/12depttotals_fish.pdf
  127. ADF&G (Alaska Department of Fish and Game), 2013e. Alaska Department of Fish and Game: Alaska Statutes - Hatchery and Enhancement Statutes. [online].http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/static/fishing/PDFs/hatcheries/hatchery_statutes.pdf
  128. ADF&G (Alaska Department of Fish and Game), 2013f. Alaska Department of Fish and Game: Commercial Fisheries Information by Area. [online]. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=fishingcommercialbyarea.main
  129. ADF&G (Alaska Department of Fish and Game), 2013g. Alaska Department of Fish and Game: Commercial Fisheries Overview- Southeast Alaska and Yakutat. [online]. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=commercialbyareasoutheast.main
  130. ADF&G (Alaska Department of Fish and Game), 2013h. Alaska Department of Fish and Game: Commercial Fishing Regulations. [online].http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=fishregulations.commercial
  131. ADF&G (Alaska Department of Fish and Game), 2013i. Alaska Department of Fish and Game: Commercial Fishing Reporting. [online]. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=fishlicense.reporting
  132. ADF&G (Alaska Department of Fish and Game), 2013j. Alaska Department of Fish and Game: Habitat Division Website.[online]. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=habitatregulations.main
  133. ADF&G (Alaska Department of Fish and Game), 2013k. Alaska Department of Fish and Game: Regulations - Hatchery and Enhancement Regulations. [online]. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/static/fishing/PDFs/hatcheries/regulations.pdf
  134. ADF&G (Alaska Department of Fish and Game), 2013l. Alaska Department of Fish and Game: Regulations - Regulations and Board Policy. [online]. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=regulations.mai
  135. ADF&G (Alaska Department of Fish and Game), 2013m. Alaska Department of Fish and Game: State of Alaska Special Status Species - Fish Stocks of Concern. [online]http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=specialstatus.akfishstocks
  136. ADF&G (Alaska Department of Fish and Game) and BOF (Board of Fisheries), 2000. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=divisions.costaff
  137. CCC (Chuitna Citizen's Coalition), 2011. Gov. Parnell Fails to Protect Wild Alaskan Salmon from Coal Strip Mining Through Cook Inlet Salmon Stream. [online].http://chuitna.org/parnell-to-allow-coal-strip-mining-through-cook-inlet-salmon-stream/
  138. Clark, J. H., 1995. Biological escapement goals for even and odd-year pink salmon returning to the Situk River and to Humpy Creek near Yakutat, Alaska. [pdf] Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Commercial Fisheries, Regional Information Report No. 1J95-08, Juneau. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidPDFs/RIR.1J.1995.08.pdf
  139. Clark, J. H., Mecum, R. D., McGregor, A., Krasnowski, P., and Carroll, A. M., 2006. The commercial salmon fishery in Alaska. [pdf} Alaska Fishery Research Bulletin 12(1):1-146. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidPDFs/AFRB.12.1.001-146.pdf
  140. Connors, B. M., Braun, D. C., Peterman, R.M., Cooper, A. B., Reynolds, J. D., Dill, L. M., Ruggerone, G. T. and Krkošek, M., 2012. Migration links ocean-scale competition and local ocean conditions with exposure to farmed salmon to shape wild salmon dynamics. Conservation Letters, 5: 304–312. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-263X.2012.00244.x. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1755-263X.2012.00244.x/full
  141. Davidson, B., Gordon, D., Harris, D., Conrad, S., Jensen, K., Bachman, R., Piston, A., Walker, S., and Thynes, T., 2013. Annual management report of the 2012 Southeast Alaska commercial purse seine and drift gillnet fisheries. [pdf] Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Fishery Management Report No 13-09, Anchorage.http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidPDFs/FMR13-09.pdf
  142. Davidson, W., Bachman, R., Gordon, D., Piston, A., Jensen, K., Monagle, K., Thynes, T., and Walker, S., 2012. Annual management report of the 2011 Southeast Alaska commercial purse seine and drift gillnet fisheries. [pdf] Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Fishery Management Report No 12-03, Anchorage. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidPDFs/FMR12-03.pdf
  143. Davis, B., Allee, B., Amend, D., Bachen, B., Davidson, B., Gharrett, T., Marshall, S., and Werthheimer, A., 1985. Alaska Department of Fish and Game Genetics Policy. [pdf] Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Fisheries Rehabilitation, Enhancement, and Development Division, Special Report, Juneau.http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/static/fishing/PDFs/research/genetics_finfish_policy.pdf
  144. Davis, B., and B. Burkett, 1989. Background of the genetics policy of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game. [pdf] Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Fisheries Rehabilitation, Enhancement, and Development Division Report No. 95, Juneau. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidPDFs/fred.095.pdf
  145. English, K.K., Gazey, W.J., Peacock, D. and Oliver, G., 2004. Assessment of the Canadian and Alaskan Sockeye Stocks harvested in the northern boundary fisheries using run reconstruction techniques, 1982-2001. [pdf] Pacific Salmon Commission Tech. Rep. No. 13: 93 p. http://www.psc.org/pubs/psctr13.pdf
  146. FishSource. 2013a. Annual Harvest Statistics: Pink Salmon Profiles [online] http://www.fishsource.com
  147. FishSource. 2013b. Harvest Trends: Southeast Alaska Chum Salmon Profile [online]. http://www.fishsource.com/fishery/summary?fishery=Chum+salmon+-+East+Pacific%3A+Southeast+Alaska+%28Country%3A+US%3B+Gear%3A+SV%2C+GNS%2C+GND%2C+LTL%3B+MSC-Client%3A+PSVOA%3B+MSC-Status%3A+MSC+Recertified%3B%29
  148. Geiger, H. J. and Zhang, X., 2002. A simple procedure to evaluate salmon escapement trends that emphasizes biological meaning over statistical significance. [pdf] Alaska Fishery Research Bulletin 9(2):128-134. Available at: [Accessed December 8, 2012].http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidPDFs/AFRB.09.2.128-134.pdf
  149. Groot, C. and Margolis, L., 1991. Pacific Salmon Life Histories. University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. http://swrcb2.swrcb.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/bay_delta/deltaflow/docs/exhibits/nmfs/spprt_docs/nmfs_exh4_healey_1991.pdf
  150. Groundtruth Trekking, 2011. Coastal Temperate Rainforests of the Pacific Northwest. [online]. http://www.groundtruthtrekking.org/Issues/Forestry/TemperateRainforests.html
  151. Heinl, S. C., and Piston, A. W., 2009. Standardizing and automating the Southeast Alaska pink salmon escapement index.[pdf] Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Regional Report Series No. 1J09-06. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidPDFs/RIR.1J.2009.06.pdf
  152. Heinl, S. C., Eggers, D. M., and Piston, A. W., 2008. Pink salmon stock status and escapement goals in Southeast Alaska and Yakutat. [pdf] Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Special Publication No. 08-16, Anchorage. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidPDFs/SP08-16.pdf
  153. Hesse, T., 2013. Pink salmon catch on way to record. [online] Daily Sitka Sentinal, August 13, 2013. http://www.sitkasentinel.com/7/2012-05-10-22-08-10/local-news/6154-pink-salmon-catch-on-way-to-record
  154. Homer News, 2013. Alaska House passes Parnell's permitting bill. [online]. http://homernews.com/stories/030613/business_permit.shtml
  155. Homer Tribune 2011. Will Alaska’s Legislature protect in-stream flows?. [online]http://homertribune.com/2013/11/will-alaskas-legislature-protect-in-stream-flows/
  156. Jackson, J., Dinnocenzo, J., Spalinger, G., and Keyse, M., 2012. Kodiak Management Area commercial salmon fishery annual management report, 2011. [pdf] Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Fishery Management Report No. 12-48, Anchorage.http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidPDFs/FMR12-48.pdf
  157. Johnson, M., McDowell, M. and Twomley, B., 1998. Commercial Fisheries Entry Commission 1998 Annual Report. [pdf] Commercial Fisheries Entry Commission (CFEC) Juneau, Alaska.http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=4&cad=rja&ved=0CDkQFjAD&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cfec.state.ak.us%2Fannrpts%2FAR1998.PDF&ei=Zc7aUYHTL4zQigKW7oEo&usg=AFQjCNFrQ7oiuBOIj0duOWkMMuGgNlpdMA
  158. King, B., 2009. Sustaining Alaska's Fisheries: Fifty Years of Statehood. [pdf] Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Public Communications. Juneau, Alaska. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/static/fishing/PDFs/50years_cf/50years_full.pdf
  159. Lichatowich, J., Mobrand, L., and Lestelle, L. 1999. Depletion and extinction of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.): A different perspective. [pdf] ICES Journal of Marine Science, 56: 467–472. http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=4&ved=0CEAQFjAD&url=http%3A%2F%2Ficesjms.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcontent%2F56%2F4%2F467.full.pdf&ei=eL_cUZjwBsH9igKehICwDw&usg=AFQjCNGW_zfk1Vz1b8Afyrpcq0qWgsCrmw&bvm=bv.48705608,d.cGE&cad=rja
  160. Martin, M.C., 2013. Record fishing year in Southeast. [JuneauEmpire.com] Juneau Empire, September 20, 2013. http://juneauempire.com/outdoors/2013-09-20/record-fishing-year-southeast#.Um24CRaADFI
  161. Mundy, P.R., Allen, D.M., Boldt, J.L., Bond, N.A., Dressel, S., Farley Jr., E.V., Hanselman, D.H., Heifetz, J., Hopcroft, R.R., Janout, M.A., Ladd, C., Lam, R.C., Livingston, P.A., Lunsford, C.R., Mathis, J.T., Mueter, F.J., Rooper, C.N., Sarkar, N., Shotwell, S.A.K., Sturdevant, M.V., Thomas, A.C., Weingartner, T.J., Woodby, D. 2010. Status and trends of the Alaska Current Region, 2003-2008, pp. 142-195 In, S.M. McKinnell and M.J. Dagg [Eds.] Marine Ecosystems of the North Pacific Ocean, 2003-2008. PICES Special Publication 4, 393 p.http://www.pices.int/publications/special_publications/NPESR/2010/PICES_PUB4_Chp4_Alaska.pd
  162. Munro, A. R., and E.C. Volk. 2012. Summary of Pacific salmon escapement goals in Alaska with a review of escapements from 2003 to 2011. [pdf] Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Fishery Manuscript Series FMS No. 12-03, Anchorage. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidPDFs/FMS12-03.pdf
  163. Munro, A. R., and Volk. E. C., 2013. Summary of Pacific salmon escapement goals in Alaska with a review of escapements from 2004 to 2012. [pdf] Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Fishery Manuscript Series No. 13-05, Anchorage. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidPDFs/FMS13-05.pdf
  164. Musslewhite, J. 2011. An evaluation of the Kitoi Bay salmon hatchery for consistency with statewide policies and prescribed management practices. [pdf] Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Commercial Fisheries, Regional Information Report 5J11-01, Juneau. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidPDFs/RIR.5J.2011.01.pdf
  165. NPAFC (North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission), 2012. NPAFC Statistical Yearbook. [online]. NPAFC Annual Statistics, Issues 1993-2009. http://www.npafc.org/new/pub_statistics.html
  166. O'clair, R.M., Armstrong, R.H., and Carstensen, R., 2003. Nature of Southeast Alaska: a Guide to Plants, Animals and Habitats. 2nd ed. Graphic Arts Books. [online].http://www.amazon.com/Nature-Southeast-Alaska-Guide-Plants/dp/0882404881
  167. Piston, A. W. and Heinl S. C., 2011. Pink salmon stock status and escapement goals in Southeast Alaska.[pdf] Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Special Publication No. 11-18, Anchorage. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidPDFs/SP11-18.pd
  168. Piston, A. W. and Heinl, S. C., 2012. Trends in harvest and escapement for Southeast Alaska pink and chum salmon stocks. [pdf] North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission, Technical Report No. 8: 41. IN: International Workshop on Explanations for the High Abundance of Pink and Chum Salmon and Future Trends October 30-31, 2011 Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada.http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/static/fishing/PDFs/hatcheries/regulations.pdf
  169. PSC (Pacific Salmon Commission), 2013. U.S./Canada Northern Boundary Area 2012 Salmon Fisheries Management Report and 2013 Preliminary Expectations. [pdf] Pacific Salmon Commission, Joint Northern Boundary Technical Committee Report, TCNB (13)-1. September 2013, 60 pp. http://www.psc.org/pubs/TCNB13-1.pdf
  170. Quinn, T.P., 2005. The Behavior and Ecology of Pacific Salmon and Trout. [book] Seattle: University of Washington Press. http://books.google.com/books/p/uwp?id=meQmVHMXKxsC&printsec=copyright#v=onepage&q&f=false
  171. Rand, P.S., Goslin, G., Gross, M.R., Irvine J.R., Augerot, X., McHugh, P.A., Bugaev, V.F., 2012. Global Assessment of Extinction Risk to Populations of Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka. [pdf] PLoS ONE 7(4): e34065. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0034065.http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0034065
  172. Ruggerone, G., Peterman, R.M, Dorner, B., and Myers, K.M., 2010. Magnitude and trends in abundance of hatchery and wild pink salmon, chum Salmon and sockeye salmon in the North Pacific Ocean. [pdf] Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science 2:306–328. http://beta.images.theglobeandmail.com/archive/00920/Read_the_report_on__920521a.pdf
  173. Scientific Certification Systems (SCS), 2007. The Commercial Alaska Salmon Fisheries Managed by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game: A 5-Year Re-Assessment Based on the Marine Stewardship Program. [PDF] Emeryville, CA: Scientific Certification Systems Inc.http://www.msc.org/track-a-fishery/certified/pacific/alaska-salmon/assessment-downloads-2/Final_Cert_Report_Oct07.pdf
  174. Sit News (Stories in the News), 2013. New website focuses on British Columbia - Alaska transboundary watersheds and growing development pressures. [online].http://www.sitnews.us/1113News/110413/110413_watersheds.html
  175. Sit News (Stories in the News), 2013. State Requests U.S. Supreme Court Review of Federal Reserved Water Rights. [online]http://www.sitnews.us/1113News/110413/110413_water_rights.html
  176. Sit News (Stories in the News), 2013. State Requests U.S. Supreme Court Review of Federal Reserved Water Rights. [online]http://www.sitnews.us/1113News/110413/110413_water_rights.html
  177. Skannes, P., Hagerman, G., and Shaul, L., 2013. Annual management report for the 2012 Southeast/Yakutat salmon troll fisheries. [pdf] Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Fishery Management Report No. 13-06, Anchorage. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidPDFs/FMR13-06.pdf
  178. Skeena Wild, 2013. Skeena sockeye collapse: BC fisheries closed while Alaskans keep fishing. [online media release].http://skeenawild.org/news/media-release-skeena-sockeye-collapse-bc-fisheries-closed-while-alaskans-ke
  179. Stopha, M. 2012. An evaluation of the Port Graham salmon hatchery for consistency with statewide policies and prescribed management practices . [pdf] Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Commercial Fisheries, Regional Information Report No. 5J12-28. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidPDFs/RIR.5J.2012.28.pdf
  180. USDA Forest Service (USFS), 2012. About the Tongass National Forest. [online]. http://www.fs.usda.gov/main/tongass/about-forest
  181. WCNN (West Coast Native News), 2013. Lowest runs in 50 years - Alaskan fisheries allegedly endangering Skeena sockeye. [online]. http://westcoastnativenews.com/lowest-runs-in-50-years/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=lowest-runs-in-50-years
  182. Woodby, D., Carlile, D., Siddeek, S., Funk, F., Clark, J. H., and Hulbert, L,. 2005. Commercial Fisheries of Alaska. [pdf] Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Special Publication No. 05-09, Anchorage.http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidPDFs/sp05-09.pdf
  183. Zadina, T. P., Heinl, S. C., McGregor, A. J., and Geiger, H. J., 2004. Chapter 4: Pink Salmon Stock Status and Escapement Goals in Southeast Alaska. [pdf] Special Publication 04-02 Chapter 4.http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidPDFs/SP04-02Chapter4.pdf
  184. Kodiak Regional Planning Team (KRPT). 2010. Kodiak comprehensive salmon plan: Phase III. 2010-2030. Public Review Draft.http://www.kraakodiak.org/images/KCSP2010-2030RevewDraft12-1-10.pdf
References

    Comments

    This tab will disappear in 5 seconds.

    Comments on:

    Pink salmon - Alaska, Annette Islands Reserve, Alaska, United States, Drift gillnets

    comments powered by Disqus

    About

    How FishSource Works

    FAQs

    Glossary

    Stay Informed

    Contact Us

    FishSource™ is a Program of the Sustainable Fisheries Partnership.

    Terms of Use | Privacy Policy


    © Sustainable Fisheries Partnership 2018

    www.sustainablefish.org