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Profile updated on 2 October 2016

SUMMARY

SUMMARY

IDENTIFICATION

SCIENTIFIC NAME(s)

Oncorhynchus gorbuscha

SPECIES NAME(s)

Pink salmon

COMMON NAMES

pink salmon, humpy, humpback salmon

This fishery was certified by the Marine Stewardship Council system in June 2011. Click here to link to the MSC fishery page and to learn more about the MSC fishery certification unit.

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ANALYSIS

Strengths

1. At the Alaska-wide scale, escapement goals, escapement monitoring, and harvest controls have helped produce robust returns since the early 1980s. 2. Southeast Alaska pink salmon catches have averaged over 90 million fish, nearly twice the level achieved at an earlier peak in the 1940s. 3. There is limited hatchery production of pink salmon in Southeast Alaska, the most important region for pink salmon production along with Prince William Sound.

Weaknesses

1. Wild stock yields in Prince William Sound have exhibited meaningful declines over the past 15+ years, and may be impacted by interactions between wild and hatchery fish. 2. There have been compliance issues with the local hatchery operator in Prince William Sound (Prince William Sound Aquaculture Corporation – PWSAC), and public information indicating how and whether these issues are resolved is lacking. 3. Hatchery releases from the Pillar Creek and Kitoi Bay hatcheries in Kodiak (Westward Alaska) are not marked, making it difficult to assess possible impacts upon wild stocks.

FISHSOURCE SCORES

Management Quality:

Management Strategy:

≥ 8

Managers Compliance:

≥ 8

Fishers Compliance:

≥ 8

Stock Health:

Current
Health:

≥ 8

Future Health:

≥ 8

RECOMMENDATIONS

RETAILERS & SUPPLY CHAIN
  • Monitor the progress in closing out conditions placed upon the MSC certification of the fishery and if agreed timelines are met. Offer assistance in closing conditions where possible.

FIPS

No related FIPs

CERTIFICATIONS

  • Annette Islands Reserve salmon:

    MSC Recertified

Fisheries

Within FishSource, the term "fishery" is used to indicate each unique combination of a flag country with a fishing gear, operating within a particular management unit, upon a resource. That resource may have a known biological stock structure and/or may be assessed at another level for practical or jurisdictional reasons. A fishery is the finest scale of resolution captured in FishSource profiles, as it is generally the scale at which sustainability can most fairly and practically be evaluated.

Fisheries
DISTRICT MANAGEMENT UNIT FLAG COUNTRY FISHING GEAR
Annette Islands Reserve Alaska United States Drift gillnets
Purse seines
Trolling lines
Cook Inlet Alaska United States Drift gillnets
Purse seines
Set gillnets (anchored)
Norton Sound Alaska United States Gillnets and entangling nets
Prince William Sound Alaska United States Drift gillnets
Purse seines
Southeast Alaska Alaska United States Drift gillnets
Purse seines
Set gillnets (anchored)
Westward Alaska Alaska United States Gillnets and entangling nets
Purse seines

Analysis

OVERVIEW

Last updated on 20 October 2011

Strengths

1. At the Alaska-wide scale, escapement goals, escapement monitoring, and harvest controls have helped produce robust returns since the early 1980s. 2. Southeast Alaska pink salmon catches have averaged over 90 million fish, nearly twice the level achieved at an earlier peak in the 1940s. 3. There is limited hatchery production of pink salmon in Southeast Alaska, the most important region for pink salmon production along with Prince William Sound.

Annette Islands Reserve

Last updated on 20 October 2011

Weaknesses

1. Wild stock yields in Prince William Sound have exhibited meaningful declines over the past 15+ years, and may be impacted by interactions between wild and hatchery fish. 2. There have been compliance issues with the local hatchery operator in Prince William Sound (Prince William Sound Aquaculture Corporation – PWSAC), and public information indicating how and whether these issues are resolved is lacking. 3. Hatchery releases from the Pillar Creek and Kitoi Bay hatcheries in Kodiak (Westward Alaska) are not marked, making it difficult to assess possible impacts upon wild stocks.

Annette Islands Reserve

Last updated on 20 October 2011

RECOMMENDATIONS
Annette Islands Reserve

Last updated on 26 December 2018

Recommendations to Retailers & Supply Chain
  • Monitor the progress in closing out conditions placed upon the MSC certification of the fishery and if agreed timelines are met. Offer assistance in closing conditions where possible.

1.STOCK STATUS

STOCK ASSESSMENT

Last updated on 20 October 2011

Harvest Monitoring

Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G) achieves accurate harvest monitoring through its fish-ticket/e-landing reporting system. However, stock-specific harvest estimates are often not possible in areas where salmon migrate as mixed stocks through a multi-district corridor.

Escapement Monitoring

In the main pink salmon production regions of Alaska, Prince William Sound and Southeast Alaska, escapement is primarily monitored through the use of aerial surveys. Aerial surveys cover approximately 20% of the Prince William Sound pink salmon streams, which represent 75–85% of total regional escapement. Meanwhile, some 718 of the 2,500 pink salmon spawning streams in Southeast Alaska are monitored.

The escapement monitoring method and estimates of wild harvest, in principle, allow for estimates of wild run size and productivity for particular management districts.

SCIENTIFIC ADVICE

Last updated on 20 October 2011

ADF&G has a formal process for internal peer review of research, including district escapement goal reviews that occur once every three years. External review has been less intensive, but two MSC assessments (2000, 2007) have reviewed research processes and findings. Research results are provided to stakeholders. Under Alaska’s Sustainable Salmon Policy, ADF&G “has expended considerable effort since 2000 to update salmon stock status information and review and update the scientific basis of salmon escapement goals—producing an extensive series of published reports in the process. There are currently 287 escapement goals established for salmon stocks or stock aggregates throughout the state.

Scientifically defensible escapement targets for appropriately defined stock units generally prevail for pink salmon stocks in Alaska.However, there are several relevant, open Marine Stewardship Council conditions from the 2012 certificate pertaining to issues regarding straying hatchery fish into wild stock escapements in Prince William Sound (25 and 26), and concerns over the contribution of non-local stocks to the Peninsula/ Aleutian Island region fisheries (58) (Moody Marine 2011).Publication of results from Western Alaska Salmon Stock Identification Project (WASSIP), which has occurred in 2012 and 2013, is expected to close the latter condition during MSC re-certification of Alaska salmon in 2013. Some progress has been made on components of conditions 25 and 26 as well; however, their full intent is not likely to be met imminently. Recently published results of ADF&G research on the magnitude and distribution of hatchery straying in PWS (Brenner et al. 2012) further reinforce the need to quantify hatchery straying rates to the extent that they can be accounted for in estimates of wild spawning abundance and management goals, and the importance of evaluating potential adverse effects to wild stock fitness as a result of intermingling hatchery and wild stocks in spawning escapements.

Reference Points

Last updated on 20 Oct 2011

Performance against escapement goals varies by region and district fishery. The majority of significantly exploited pink salmon stock groupings in Alaska are actively managed and monitored for escapement, and extended periods of below target escapements have generally been avoided. In Prince William Sound, however, district-specific escapement objectives have been repeatedly missed in the past 15 years, especially in the even years. At the other end of the spectrum, escapement goals for pink salmon in Southeast Alaska have not been missed more than twice for any stock in the last 15 years.

CURRENT STATUS

Last updated on 12 August 2013

Stock status is assessed based on multi-year escapement trends and performance against escapement goals (see synopsis under reference point section and more detailed information under district profiles). 

Trends

Last updated on 12 Aug 2013

Commercial fishery harvest trends for pink salmon in achieved a historic peak in the 1940s of approximately 49 million fish annually. However, a new peak has been achieved in recent history, with harvests since 1980 amounting to approximately 92.6 million fish annually, or about 53% above the prior peak (Figure 2).


Figure 2: Historic Alaska pink salmon statewide harvest and overall catch value, 1878-2012 (http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=commercialbyfisherysalmon.salmoncatch#/pink).

Annette Islands Reserve

Stock status is assessed based on multi-year escapement trends and performance against escapement goals. See synopsis under reference point section.

2.MANAGEMENT QUALITY

MANAGEMENT

Last updated on 20 October 2011

In-season management responsiveness

ADF&G has a proven record of active salmon fishery management in Alaska. Fishery managers rely on rolling time-area closures and monitoring of catch and escapement to control harvests. These controls are used to achieve escapement goals and to spread the catch out over the course of the run in order to avoid depletion of localized components of the run.

Multi-year management responsiveness

There are no pink salmon stocks of concern in Alaska.The management system for Alaska salmon has also been effective in addressing other stocks of concern when designated.

However, Prince William Sound pink salmon have exhibited declining escapement and wild yield trends in the recent past. We expect the wild stock yield to either fluctuate back up in the next review cycle, or we expect management to take notice of the decline in yield from the Prince William Sound wild stocks and consider this as a yield concern.

Management responsiveness to habitat issues

ADF&G has a division devoted to permitting and monitoring the use of freshwater habitat. The agency has a record of altering or halting projects that may diminish salmon habitat.

Recovery Plans

Last updated on 20 Oct 2011

None required.

COMPLIANCE

Last updated on 27 December 2011

ADF&G has an extensive fish-ticket reporting system, with compliance monitoring and criminal penalties for intentional misreporting.

HATCHERY IMPACTS

Two of the three main pink salmon producing regions of Alaska, Prince William Sound and Kodiak, operate large-scale hatchery programs. In the third region, Southeast Alaska, hatchery fish comprise approximately 1% of the pink salmon harvest. Alaskan hatcheries release more pink salmon juveniles than any other salmon species, with pink salmon currently comprising 56% of hatchery releases. Releases of pink salmon from Alaskan hatcheries have held fairly steady over the last 15 years, while steady increases in chum salmon releases have fueled an overall increase in Alaskan hatchery releases of all salmon species to a new peak of 1.671 billion releases in 2012.


Figure 1: Annual releases of the five species of salmon from Alaskan hatcheries, 1982-2012 (figures taken from ADF&G and Fred annual enhancement reports, 1982-2012).

In the 2007 MSC assessment, the Prince William Sound (PWS) pink salmon fishery rated “barely 60” for performance indicator 3.1.10 regarding evaluation of hatchery practices and impacts on wild stocks (SCS 2007). A relevant condition (#67) was assessed (and remains open) (Moody Marine 2011). Since the 2007 assessment, Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G) has adopted a two-phase hatchery review schedule that is moving from region to region annually. The review began in Western Alaska in 2011, but only looked at policies and regulations in the first phase. Impacts on wild stocks will be examined only in the second phase. PWS will undergo first-phase review in 2012, but the second phase will likely not take place for another five years, meaning that this condition will have gone unanswered for 10 years (Mark Stopha, ADF&G Hatchery Program Evaluation Specialist, personal communication, 2012).

An internal ADF&G review of Prince William Sound Aquaculture Corporation (PWSAC), which unearthed several violations of regulations that protect wild stocks and other regulations, was conducted in 2009 (Lewis et al. 2009). The review was posted, then subsequently pulled from the ADF&G website, and no public information exists indicating that any actions have been taken on the recommendations of the reviewers.

Risk of hatchery enhancement activities in PWS has increased since the 2007 assessment date due to approved production increases that have occurred after the assessment. In 2011, a 34 million pink salmon hatchery production increase (5% region-wide increase) at Cannery Creek Hatchery (part of PWSAC), was approved. A memo from prominent ADF&G staff scientists (including both the Commercial and Sport Fish Division chief scientists) argues against approval of the permit alteration request (PAR) submitted by PWSAC in 2011, but the request was approved by the Commissioner of Fish & Game (Volk et al. 2011).

Greater scientific evidence of risk of hatchery activities in the region has also been documented since 2007. Results of ADF&G research on the magnitude and distribution of hatchery straying in PWS using data for pink salmon since 2008 showed very high straying rates (0-85%) in historically significant spawning areas (Brenner et 2012).

Currently, there is insufficient information to conclude that harvests targeting enhanced fish are not adversely affecting wild pink stocks or that enhancement activities are not negatively impacting wild stock abundance or fitness. In light of this fact, it is troubling that permit alteration requests are being approved, hatchery evaluation plans are developing slowly, and recommendations of prominent scientists are not being followed.

Specifically, due to the “barely 60” 2007 MSC assessment rating for indicator 3.1.10, slow management response to this indicator, and heightened risk introduced by regional hatchery volume increases implemented since then, FishSource considers that the fishery no longer meets the MSC 60 standard for this indicator, reflected in a “<6” rating for this criterion.

3.ENVIRONMENT AND BIODIVERSITY

BYCATCH
ETP Species

Last updated on 20 October 2011

Pink salmon fisheries in Southeast Alaska intercept migrating sockeye stocks that originate in British Columbia, as well as migrating Chinook salmon stocks that originate in British Columbia and the Pacific Northwest USA. This take is closely monitored with Coded Wire Tags (CWT) and genetic data. Analyses are done post-season and results are presented annually to the Pacific Salmon Commission Northern Boundary Technical committee.

Limitations on harvest of British Columbia sockeye salmon in the Southeast Alaska pink salmon fishery are enacted under the auspices of the Pacific Salmon Treaty. The District 104 purse seine fishery is currently allotted 2.45% of Skeena and Nass (British Columbia) sockeye stocks and the District 101 fishery gillnet fishery 13.8%. Alaskan harvest of B.C. Nass and Skeena sockeye salmon averages 20% of total harvest of these stocks.

Overages and underages in interception harvests of Districts 104 and 101 are accumulated and carried forward to the next year (there is a running total of overages and underages) and management is expected to address any overages in the next year.By agreement, if there are overages for 5 consecutive years, management is mandated to come up with a management plan to reduce the cumulative overage.

The Alaska District 104 seine catch has been over the target catch in only 4 of the last 14 years and has a cumulative underage of over 100,000 sockeye.

Due to early closure of the Skeena river sockeye salmon fishery in Northern British Columbia in 2013, PSC managers will likely explore additional regulatory measures that can help Alaskan and B.C. managers to respond to major conservation concerns in-season (Clark, J, pers. comm., 08-09-13).

As for bycatch of non-salmonids, this fishery uses set and drift gillnets that can pose significant risk to diving seabirds. Two PET species that occur within the area of the fishery are Marbled Murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus) and Kittlitz’s Murrelet (B. brevirostris). A 2000 supplemental Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) declared that there was no significant impact on seabirds. However, the EIS claim is not supported with observer, logbook or other data. The finding was made was based on information that has not been updated since before 2000, and gave only consideration to the lack of competition for prey species, not entanglement in gear.

HABITAT

Last updated on 20 October 2011

The 2007 MSC assessment authors identified no lasting habitat impacts from salmon fishing in Alaska. Salmon gear in SE Alaska is fished with little bottom contact.

Alaska’s freshwater salmon habitat has benefited from sparse human occupancy in most watersheds and a suite of state laws governing activities (road-building, logging, mining, etc.) in riparian areas and spawning streams. Alaska’s Anadromous Fish Act regulates construction activities in salmon streams; its Forest Practices Act requires buffer zones to protect salmon spawning and rearing areas from logging impacts; the Commissioner of Fish and Game has authoroity to require water rights on behalf of fish. Streamflow necessary for salmon is reserved under the Water Use Protection Act. Alaska’s Department of Environmental Conservation oversees discharge of pollutants to protect fresh and marine waters.

Climate change and especially its corollary, ocean acidification, are expected to bring significant changes to marine habitat of salmon in the North Pacific. Fishery managers will need “to know how acidification will affect managed species, and how quickly it will happen" (Evans et al., NPFMC 2007).

The recent (2012) failure of the Alaska Legislature to renew the Coastal Zone Management Program decreases the opportunity for review of coastal development projects. Alaska is the only state with coastal waters that does not have an active CZMP. The real strength of the CZMP was the designation of uses allowed in coastal zones. Much as a city can designate certain areas as residential and others as industrial, the CZMP designated certain coastal zones for conservation and others for growth, with limitations specified in permits. The CZMP provided a basis for protecting, restoring, and responsibly developing Alaska’s coastal communities and resources. The CZMP was also particularly useful in coordinating state and federal actions and provided a much-needed forum for public input concerning coastal habitat issues.

Marine Reserves

Last updated on 20 Oct 2011

Spatial and temporal fishery closures are actively used by fisheries management, and these measures achieve results commensurate with that of Marine Protected Area creation.

FishSource Scores

MANAGEMENT QUALITY

Click on the score to see subscores

As calculated for 2013 data.

The score is ≥ 8.

On relevant MSC performance indicators 1.1.2 (Reference points) and 1.2.4 (Assessment of stock status), the fishery scored "80" and "85," respectively. "It is highly likely that the target and limit reference points are consistent with maintaining the inherent diversity and reproductive capacity of each stock subcomponent of pink salmon" (SCS 2011).

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Management Responsiveness Subscores

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Adequacy of Data Subscores

STOCK HEALTH:

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Stock Status Subscores

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Hatchery Impacts Subscores

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To see data for catch and tac, please view this site on a desktop.
No data available for hatchery releases
No data available for hatchery releases
To see data for escapement, please view this site on a desktop.
To see data for management quality, please view this site on a desktop.
To see data for stock status, please view this site on a desktop.
To see data for hatchery impacts, please view this site on a desktop.
DATA NOTES

Scores appearing at the region level reflect the range of scores for the district profiles for each of the five FishSource criteria.

The FishSource salmon scoring method is applied at the district level; click here to download.

The FishSource sustainability criteria as applied to salmon: Criterion 1. Management Responsiveness (Is the management strategy precautionary?) 1.1 Over the last decade, has fisheries management exhibited in-season responsiveness to stock status? 1.2 Has fisheries management responded appropriately over the last 15 years when/if the stock has failed to meet management objectives and/or maintain yields? 1.3 Has management exhibited responsiveness to concerns regarding the conservation and restoration of the stock’s essential freshwater, estuarine and coastal habitats during the last ten years? Criterion 2. Management Guidelines (Do the managers follow scientific advice?) Have appropriate escapement goals or operational equivalents been developed and implemented for the fishery’s wild stocks? Criterion 3. Adequacy of Data (Do fishers comply?) 3.1 Is a portion of harvest attributable to illegal, unreported, or unregulated fishing, resulting in official harvest data that is lower than the actual catch? 3.2 Is the fishery’s harvest adequately and accurately measured and reported? 3.3 Has escapement been adequately and accurately measured and publicly reported? Criterion 4. Stock Status (Is the fish stock healthy?) 4.1 Have escapement measures for the fishery’s wild stocks been maintained above escapement goals or thresholds, or have harvest rates been below the target harvest rates? 4.2 Has the catch trend been level or increasing over a 15-year period? Criterion 5. Are hatcheries or other enhancement activities negatively affecting wild stocks? (Will the fish stock be healthy in the future?) 5.0 Do hatcheries account for 10% or less of the fishery’s total production, or are hatchery-produced fish not in substantial contact with wild salmon? If “no,” then the following sub-criteria are analyzed: 5.1 Are managers able to manage for the (wild) stocks in a fishery that also contains hatchery stocks of salmon? 5.2 Is there a low quantity of hatchery strays in the escapement throughout the freshwater habitat of the wild stock, and is hatchery straying quantified by means of a technically sound data collection and analysis? 5.3 Over the past 10 years, have hatchery strays, hatchery out-plants, or any returning hatchery-produced fish been intentionally allowed to mix with the wild stock during spawning? 5.4 Are there active and effective policies that (1) establish objectives for the conservation of wild salmon, (2) put into place operational systems that limit hatchery impacts on wild stocks, (3) grant sufficient oversight and authority over individual hatchery programs to management agencies, and (4) establish a hatchery evaluation system that monitors the performance of individual hatcheries against wild salmon conservation objectives?

Annette Islands Reserve

Last updated on 21 June 2012

Click here to download the FishSource salmon scoring method.

Annette Island catch is calculated based on annual catch in numbers of fish (SCS 2011) and average annual weights of sockeye salmon in Southeast Alaska harvests (NPAFC 2011).

Download Source Data

Registered users can download the original data file for calculating the scores after logging in. If you wish, you can Register now.

Fishery Improvement Projects (FIPs)

No related FIPs

Certifications

Marine Stewardship Council (MSC)

SELECT MSC

NAME

Annette Islands Reserve salmon

STATUS

MSC Recertified on 25 April 2017

SCORES

Certification Type: Silver

Sources

Credits

Acknowledgements

SFP is grateful to David Wiedenfeld of the American Bird Conservancy for contributing to this profile’s content.

References:

  1. ADF&G (Alaska Department of Fish and Game), 2012. The Western Alaska Salmon Stock Identification Project (WASSIP) [online]http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=wassip.main
  2. Brenner, R.E., Moffit, S.D, and Grant, W.S., 2012. Straying of hatchery salmon in Prince William Sound, Alaska. Environmental Biology of Fishes, [online] 93. http://www.springerlink.com/content/a648812q28552562/fulltext.pdf
  3. Intertek Moody Marine Ltd. (Moody Marine) 2011. "Fourth Marine Stewardship Council Annual Surveillance Report Alaska Salmon Fisheries."http://www.msc.org/track-a-fishery/certified/pacific/alaska-salmon/assessment-downloads-2/Fourth_Marine_Stewardship_Council_Surveillance_Audit_Final.pdf
  4. Lewis, B., J. Botz, S. Moffitt, G. Hollowell, D. Gray, J. Regnart, S. Palmer, C. Farrington, and B. White. 2009. Alaska Department of Fish and Game Internal Review of Prince William Sound Aquaculture Corporation. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Special Publication No. 09-10, Anchorage.SP09-10.pdf
  5. NPAFC. "North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission Statistical Yearbook. 1993-2009."http://www.npafc.org/new/pub_statistics.html
  6. Scientific Certification Systems (SCS). December 30, 2007. “The Commercial Alaska Salmon Fisheries Managed by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game: A 5-Year Re-Assessment Based on the Marine Stewardship Council Program.”http://www.msc.org/track-a-fishery/certified/pacific/alaska-salmon/assessment-downloads-2/Final_Cert_Report_Oct07.pdf
  7. Stopha, M., 2012. Discussion of Gulkana Sockeye Hatchery review. [telephone] personal communication, February 6, 2012.http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=contacts.hatcheries
  8. Vercessi, Lorraine. 2012. Alaska Salmon Fisheries Enhancement Program 2011 Annual Report. Fishery Management Report No. 12-04. Anchorage, AK, ADF&G. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidpdfs/FMR12-04
  9. Volk, E. C. and R. P. Josephson. 2011. Alaska Salmon Hatchery Releases, Commercial Fishery Catch Statistics, and Sport Fishery Catch Statistics for 2010 Season. NPAFC Doc. 1338. 6pp. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Commercial Fisheries, P.O. Box 115526, Juneau, AK. 99811-5526.http://www.npafc.org/new/publications/Documents/PDF%202011/1338(USA).pdf
  10. Volk, E., Josephson, R., and Clark, B. April 13, 2011. Memo to Jeff Regnart and Charles Swanton Re: PWSAC Permit Alteration Requests.2011_PWS_PAR_Memo.pdf
  11. Beamesderfer, R., Vincent, A., 2014. Annette Islands Reserve Salmon Fisheries - 2014 MSC Surveillance Visit Report. Scientific Certification Systems, July 2014. 69pphttp://www.msc.org/track-a-fishery/fisheries-in-the-program/certified/pacific/annette-islands-reserve-salmon/assessment-downloads-1/20140731_SR_SAL148.pdf
  12. Davidson, B. et al. 2011. "Annual Management Report of the 2010 Southeast Alaska Commercial Purse Seine and Drift Gillnet Fisheries." Fishery Management Report No. 11-27. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidpdfs/FMR11-27.pdf

  13. NPAFC. "North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission Statistical Yearbook. 1993-2009." http://www.npafc.org/new/pub_statistics.htmlScientific Certification Systems (SCS). 2011. MSC FINAL CERTIFICATION REPORT: THE ANNETTE ISLANDS RESERVE SALMON FISHERY. Certificate Code SCS-MF-0025.http://www.msc.org/track-a-fishery/certified/pacific/annette-islands-reserve-salmon/assessment-downloads-1/SS_FISH_AIR_V5_FinalPublicCertificationReport_.pdf

  14. Scientific Certification Systems (SCS). 2011. MSC FINAL CERTIFICATION REPORT: THE ANNETTE ISLANDS RESERVE SALMON FISHERY. Certificate Code SCS-MF-0025.  http://www.msc.org/track-a-fishery/certified/pacific/annette-islands-reserve-salmon/assessment-downloads-1/SS_FISH_AIR_V5_FinalPublicCertificationReport_.pdf

  15. SCS (Scientific Certification Systems). 2012. ANNETTE ISLANDS RESERVE SALMON FISHERIES: 2012 MSC Surveillance Visit Report. Certificate Number: F-SCS-0025.http://www.msc.org/track-a-fishery/certified/pacific/annette-islands-reserve-salmon/assessment-downloads-1/20120612_SR.pdf

  16. SCS (Scientific Certification Systems), 2013. Annette Islands Reserve Salmon Fisheries - 2013 MSC Surveillance Visit Report.June 2013. 51pphttp://www.msc.org/track-a-fishery/fisheries-in-the-program/certified/pacific/annette-islands-reserve-salmon/assessment-downloads-1/20130627_SR_SAL148.pdf
  17. Skannes, P., Hagerman, G., and Shaul, L. 2012. Annual Management Report for the 2011 Southeast Alaska/Yakutat Salmon Troll Fisheries. Fishery Management Report No. 12-02. Anchorage, AK: Alaska Department of Fish and Game. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov
  18. Vincent, A., Beamesderfer, R., 2015. Annette Islands Reserve Salmon 4th Annual Surveillance Audit Report. SCS Global Services. July 2015. 32pp https://www.msc.org/track-a-fishery/fisheries-in-the-program/certified/pacific/annette-islands-reserve-salmon/assessment-downloads-1/20150723_SR_SAL148.pdf
  19. Blyth-Skyrme, R., Ruggerone, G., Schmidt, D., Seeb, J., Knapman, P., 2013. Alaska Salmon Fishery – Public Certification Report. Intertek Moody Marine, November 2013. 583pphttp://www.msc.org/track-a-fishery/fisheries-in-the-program/certified/pacific/alaska-salmon/new-client-2nd-re-assessment-download-documents/20131114_PCR_V3_SAL002.pdf
  20. Blyth-Skyrme, R., Ruggerone, G., Seeb, J., 2015. First Annual Surveillance Report - Alaska Salmon Fishery. Intertek Fisheries Certification Ltd, February 2015. 47pphttp://www.msc.org/track-a-fishery/fisheries-in-the-program/certified/pacific/alaska-salmon/new-client-2nd-re-assessment-download-documents/20150224_SR_SAL002.pdf
  21. Volk, E. C. and R. P. Josephson. 2011. Alaska Salmon Hatchery Releases, Commercial Fishery Catch Statistics, and Sport Fishery Catch Statistics for 2010 Season. NPAFC Doc. 1338. 6pp. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Commercial Fisheries, P.O. Box 115526, Juneau, AK. 99811-5526.http://www.npafc.org/new/publications/Documents/PDF%202011/1338(USA).pd
  22. ADF&G (Alaska Department of Fish and Game), 2004. Escapement goal review of select AYK Region salmon stocks.[pdf] Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Commercial Fisheries Regional Information Report 3A04-01, Anchorage.http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidPDFs/rir.3a.2004.01.pdf
  23. ADF&G (Alaska Department of Fish and Game), 2011. 2011 Norton Sound Salmon Season Summary. [news release] Alaska Department of Fish and Game, 103 East Front Street, Nome, Alaska.http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/static/fishing/PDFs/commercial/2011_norton_salmon_summary.pdf
  24. ADF&G (Alaska Department of Fish and Game), 2012a. 2012 Norton Sound Salmon Season Summary. [news release] Alaska Department of Fish and Game, 103 East Front Street, Nome, Alaska. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/static/home/news/pdfs/newsreleases/cf/232684328.pdf
  25. ADF&G (Alaska Department of Fish and Game), 2012b. Arctic-Yukon- Kuskokwim Stock of Concern Recommendations. [Memorandum to Alaska Board of Fisheries Members from ADF&G Commercial Fisheries Division Director, Jeff Regnart and Sport Fisher Division Director, Charles O. Swanton], Alaska Department of Fish & Game Office, 1255 West 8th Street, P.O. Box 25526, Juneau.http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=fisheriesboard.meetinginfo
  26. ADF&G (Alaska Department of Fish and Game), 2012c. Habitat Division Website.[online].http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=habitatregulations.main
  27. ADF&G (Alaska Department of Fish and Game), Various Authors, 1982-2011. Annual Management Reports of the Norton Sound and Kotzebue Sound Area Commercial Salmon Fisheries. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Fishery Management Report No. __-__, Anchorage.http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidpdfs/FMR12-31.pdf
  28. ADF&G (Alaska Department of Fish & Game), Various Authors, 1998-2012. Alaska Salmon Fisheries Enhancement Program Annual Reports [for the years 1997-2011]. Fishery Management Report No. __-__. Anchorage, AK, ADF&G. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidpdfs/FMR12-04
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