Glossary

US tax code section designating nonprofit status

Areas Autorizadas para el ejercicio de la Acuicultura

Aquatic Animal Health Research and Development Division

Aquaculture Activities Regulations

acceptable biological catch

Annual Catch Entitlement – “property right, which gives the holder the right to take a certain weight of a fishstock during a fishing year”

National Bureau of Agricultural Commodity and Food Standards, MOAC

Aquaculture Collaborative Research and Development Program

Alaska Department of Fish and Game

Automatic Differentiation Model Builder

Alaska Fisheries Science Center

Argos Georgia Ltd, Sanford Ltd, New Zealand Longline Line Ltd

Amoebic Gill Disease

Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease, formally known as Early Mortality Syndrome (EMS)

Aquaculture Improvement Management System

Aquaculture Improvement Project

EU Fish Processors Association (Association des Industries du Poisson de l’UE)

Automatic Location Communicator

Aquaculture Management Area

Environmental Impact Assesment - Analisa Mengenai Dampak. Lingkungan

Indonesian Blue Swimming Crab Processors Association (APRI-Asosiasi Prosesing Rajungan Indonesia)

Age Structured Assessment Program

Aquaculture Stewardship Council

Association of Southeast Asian Nations

Accreditation Services International – an independent accreditation body which delivers accreditation and other relevant services to the Forest Stewardship Council, the Marine Stewardship Council and other certification schemes worldwide.

A Stock Production Model Incorporating Covariates

Timor Seas Ecosystem Action program

biomass

Virgin/unfished biomass

B_20% B-virg. Level of spawning stock corresponding to a fraction (here 20%) of the unexploited biomass. Virgin biomass is estimated as the point where the replacement line for F=0 intersects the stock-recruitment relationship or as the biomass from a spawning stock per recruit curve when F=0 and average recruitment is assumed.

Biomass at MSY. Biomass corresponding to Maximum Sustainable Yield from a production model or from an age-based analysis using a stock recruitment model. Often used as a biological reference point in fisheries management, it is the calculated long-term average biomass value expected if fishing at F_MSY.

Limit reference point for spawning stock biomass (SSB). Below this value recruitment is expected to be ‘impaired’ or the stock dynamics are unknown. Below B_lim there is a higher risk that the stock could “collapse”. The meaning of “collapse” is that the stock has reached a level where it suffers from severely reduced productivity.

a lower limit reference point for spawning stock biomass (SSB), for which Blim and B20% are commonly regarded as proxies.

precautionary reference point for spawning stock biomass (SSB). It is precautionary buffer to avoid that true SSB is at B_lim when the perceived SSB is at B_pa. In general, management advice is aimed at avoiding the risk that the spawning stock falls below B_pa. However, B_pa should not be regarded as a target reference point (B_trp).

an upper target reference point for spawning stock biomass (SSB), for which B_MSY and B_40% are commonly regarded as proxies.

Best Aquaculture Practices

The Environmental Impact Management Agency - Badan Pengendalian Dampak Lingkungan

Regional Development Planning Agency - Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah

National Development Planning Agency - Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional

Center for testing application of fishery products 

British Columbia Salmon Farmers Association

Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources

bluefin tuna

Buoy gear

Bacterial Kidney Disease

The Indonesian Investment Coordinating Board - Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal

Regional Investment Coordinating Board - Badan Koordinasi Promosi dan Penanaman Modal Daerah

bottom longline

Best Management Practices

Biological Oxygen Demand

Benthic Optimized Marine Environment Classification

benthic protection area

Bycatch Reduction Device

Marine and Fisheries Research Affairs and Human Resources - Badan Riset Dan SDM Kelautan Dan Perikanan

Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands

blue swimming crab

Bangladesh Shrimp and Fish Farmers Association

National Standardization Agency of Indonesia - Badan Standardisasi National

Baltic Sea Protected Areas

Bangladesh Standards and Testing Institute

Ben Tre

Ben Tre Co-op

Coastal Aquaculture Authority

Prevalencia de Centros de Alta Diseminación (High Dissemination Centers)

Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences

Canadian Aquaculture Industry Alliance

China Aquatic Products Processing and Marketing Alliance

Controlled Activities Regulations

Chinese Academy of Sciences

Conservation Alliance for Seafood Solutions

Current Annual Yield

certifying body

Convention on Biological Diversity

Cara Budidaya Ikan yang Baik – Good Aquaculture Practices

RFE Crab Catchers Association

Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources or Commission on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources

Convention on the Conservation and Management of Pollock Resources in the Central Bering Sea

Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna

Comité Científico Técnico de Recursos Demersales de la Zona Centro-Sur (Scientific and Technical Committee for Demersal Resources of the South-Center Region) created under the New General Law on Fisheries and Aquaculture of Chile

catch documentation scheme/systems

Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency

Canadian Food Inspection Agency

The Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture 

Chinese Inspection Quarantine

Cara Karantina Ikan Yang Baik - Fish Quarantine Guidelines

Cardiomyopathy Syndrome

Cámara Nacional de Acuautura

China National Fishery Technology Extension Centre

China National Environmental Monitoring Center

Coastal Monitoring and Prediction System

National Commission for the Environment

Charoen Pokphand Foods Public Company Ltd

Cara Pembenihan Ikan Yang Baik - Good Hatchery Practices

Preliminary Site Characteristics

catch per unit effort

Comité Régional de Pêche de Basse Normandie

States of Jersey Department of Planning and Environment – Fisheries and Marine Resources

Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat

Coastal Resources for Sustainable Development 

Cadmium

Code of Conduct

Code of Good Practice

Department of Animal Health

Department of Agriculture and Rural Development

data-deficient

Denmark

Denmark Limfjord

Department of Ecology and Environment Protection, Hainan 

Division of Fish Health and Environment

Directorate of Fisheries

Fisheries and Oceans Canada

Directorate General of Aquaculture

Declarations of Environmental Impact 

Direktorat Jenderal Perikanan Budidaya (Directorate of Aquaculture)

Regional Department of Fisheries and Marine Affairs - Dinas Perikananan dan Kelautan Provinsi

drop/handline

Department of Livestock Development, MOAC, Thailand

Provincial Environmental Service - Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Provinsi 

Dissolved Oxygen

Department of Natural Resources and Environment 

Danish Pelagic Producers Organization

Boat dredges

Digby dredges

Hand dredges

Division of Standard System for Fishery Commodities, DoF, Thailand

Department of Technology and Quality Supervision

distant water fishing

Deepwater Group Ltd.

detention without physical examination 

Department of Environment

Department of Fisheries

environmental assessment

environment and biodiversity

ecosystem-based fisheries management

ecosystem-based management (see also ESBM)

European Commision

Environment Clearance Certificate

Environmental Defense Fund

Exclusive Economic Zone/Economic Exclusion Zone

essential fish habitat

Erzeugergemeinschaft der Hochsee- und Kutterfischer GmbH – client group of a Baltic herring fishery in MSC assessment and a MSC-certified North Sea saithe fishery

Epizootic Hematopoietic Necrosis

Environmental Impact Assessment

Ecosystem Improvement Partnership

Environmental Management Plan

Early Mortality Syndrome

Eastern Pacific Ocean

Evaluación de Proyectos, Recursos Bioacuáticos y su Ambiente

Environmental Quality Standards

Ecological Risk Assessment

Exploitable stock biomass

ecosystem-based management (see also EBM)

Enteric septicemia

The Eastern Tuna and Billfish Fishery (ETBF) extends from Cape York, Queensland, to the South Australian/Victorian border and includes waters around Lord Howe and Norfolk Island and the high seas area under the region of concern of the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC).

Effluent Treatment System

European Union

Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome 

Emamectin Benzoate

fishing mortality

F zero point one. The fishing mortality rate at which the marginal yield-per-recruit (i.e. the increase in yield-per-recruit in weight for an increase in one unit of fishing mortality) is only 10 percent of the marginal yield-per-recruit on the unexploited stock. The fishing mortality rate at which the slope of the yield-per-recruit curve is only one-tenth the slope of the curve at its origin.

Gulland J.A. and L.K. Boerema (1973): Scientific advice on catch levels. Fishery Bulletin, 71(2): 325-335 via http://www.fao.org/faoterm/viewentry/en/?entryId=98298​

The fishing mortality rate which, if applied constantly, would result in Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY).

limit reference point for fishing mortality (mean over defined age range). The limit reference point for fishing mortality Flim is the fishing mortality that is expected to drive the stock to the biomass limit when it is maintained over time. This is exploitation rate that is expected to be associated with stock ‘collapse’ if maintained over a longer time.

precautionary reference point for fishing mortality (mean over defined age range). This is a precautionary buffer to avoid that true fishing mortality is at F_lim when the perceived fishing mortality is at F_pa. In general, management advice is aimed at avoiding the risk that fishing mortality rate increases above F_pa.

target fishing mortality in a management plan or management strategy.

fish aggregating device/fish aggregation device/fish attracting device

Food and Agriculture Organization (United Nations)

frequently asked question

Faecal Coliform Bacteria

Food and Drug Administration

Forum Fisheries Agency

Fisheries General Regulations

Fish Health Inspectorate

National Federation of Fish and Aquaculture Industries

Fish Health Management Plan

Falklands Interim Conservation and Management Zone

Fishery Improvement Project

The Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary

Florida Fish and Wildlife Commission

Framework Law on the Environment

Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations

Farm Management Area

Farm Management Agreement

Fry Movement Document

fishery management plan

Farm Management Statement

Falkland Islands Outer Conservation Zone

Faroese Pelagic Organization

Fish Quarantine and Inspection Agency

France

France Basse Normandie

Fishing-related mortality limit (New Zealand)

Federación Regional de Sociedades Cooperativas de la
Industria Pesquera del Estado de Quintana Roo, S.C. de R. L. (Regional Federation of Fishing
Cooperatives in Quintana Roo)

Freshwater Trout Aquaculture Dialogue. The Aquaculture Dialogues are a series of roundtables organized by WWF bringing together farmers, retailers, NGOs, scientists and other aquaculture industry stakeholders worldwide to develop standards for responsible aquaculture.

Five Year Plan

JSC Gidrostroy and Polar Bear Seafoods – client of a Russian salmon fishery in MSC assessment

Global Aquaculture Alliance

Guangdong Provincial Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center

Globally applicable Area Disaggregated General Ecosystem Toolbox

Good Aquaculture Practices

Great Britain Jersey

Guangdong Provincial Department of Environmental Protection

Guangdong Provincial Department of Ocean and Fisheries

Germany

Independent Fish Feed Movement - Gerakan Pakan Ikan Mandiri 

The General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean is a Regional Fishery Management Organization (RFMO) consisting of 23 member countries along with the European Union, aiming “to promote the development, conservation, rational management and best utilization of living marine resources, as well as the sustainable development of aquaculture in the Mediterranean, Black Sea and connecting waters”.

Global Food Safety Initiative

Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia

geographic information system

General Law and Fisheries and Aquaculture

Great Lakes Fishery Commission

Gulf of Mexico Fisheries Management Council

Genetically Modified Organism

Good Manufacturing Practice

Gulf of California

Global Ocean Health

Gulf of Mexico

Glaciar Pesquera S.A

The Indonesian Feedmills Association - Gabungan Perusahaan Makanan Ternak

Geographical Sub-Areas in the Mediterranean Sea region, as defined by the General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM). There are 30 GSAs in the Mediterranean, Black Sea and connecting waters.

Global Steering Committee

Government of Southern Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands

Global Trust Certification

Guyana

Genomics in Sea lice and Salmon

Hydrogen Peroxide

Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points

habitat area of particular concern

harvest control rule

Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission

Heiploeg Group

Hoki Management Areas are defined in the New Zealand Hoki fishery with the aim to to improve stock recruitment. Comprise closed areas to hoki fishing but are accessible to other species fishing.

Hainan Marine and Fishery Department

highly migratory species

Hepatopancreatic microsporidiosis

Heart and Skeletal Muscle Inflammation

Harvest Strategy Standard

Hainan Tilapia Sustainability Alliance 

(= harvest ratio) ratio between landings or catch in weight and stock (spawning, fishable/total) estimated biomass.

The Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission

International Collaborating Centre for Agriculture and Fisheries Sustainability

The Indian Council of Agricultural Research

International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas

The International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES), which is a network of more than 1600 scientists from 200 institutes linked by an intergovernmental agreement (the ICES Convention) to add value to national research efforts. ICES is the prime source of scientific advice on the marine ecosystem to governments and international regulatory bodies that manage the North Atlantic Ocean and adjacent seas.

Dutch Sustainable Trade Initiative

International Fishmeal and Fish Oil Organization

Instituto de Fomento Pesquero – Chilean fisheries research institute

individual fishing quota

French Research Institute for Exploration of the Sea

Infectious Hypodermal and Haematopoietic Necrosis

Infectious Hypodermal and Haematopoietic Necrosis Virus

Infectious Haematopoietic Necrosis

Inti Fajar Luhur Abadi

Integrated Management of Aquaculture Plans

Infectious Myonecrosis

Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services

Instituto Nacional de Pesca

Instituto Tecnológico del Salmón of Salmonchile

Indian Ocean

Integrated Operating Module

Indian Ocean Tuna Commission

Intra Peritoneal injection

International Pacific Halibut Commission

Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis

Institute of Policy and Strategy for Agriculture and Rural Development 

Ireland

Investigación de los Recursos Bioacuaticos y su Ambiente

Infectious Salmon Anemia

Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus

International Scientific Community

International Species Information System

International Seafood Sustainability Foundation

individual transferable quota

illegal, unregulated, and unreported

individual vessel quota

Indonesian Good Aquaculture Practices

Japanese Fisheries Association

Japan Fisheries Resources Conservation Association

Joint Norwegian-Russian Fisheries Commission

Japan Hokkaido

Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan (MMAF)

Kelola Mina Laut (Indonesian shrimp processor)

length-cohort analysis

Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries

Lake Erie Committee’s

Ley General de Pesca y Acuicultura de Chile (New General Law on Fisheries and Aquaculture)

Handlines and pole-lines (mechanized)

Pole-lines mechanized

Handlines and pole-lines (hand operated)

Pole-lines hand operated

Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia

Limfjords Kompagniet A/S and Royal Frysk Muscheln GmbH – clients of a Danish mussel and oyster fishery in MSC assessment

landings per unit effort

limit reference point

Lesser Sunda Sustainable Initiative

low trophic level fisheries

Lake Victoria Fisheries Organization

Maximum Allowable Biomass

Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganadería, Acuacultura y Pesca

Mangrove Action Project

Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

Maximum Annual Yield

monitoring, control, surveillance, and enforcement

Maximum Constant Yield

management-deficient (fishery)

Movement Documents

Marine Environmental Classification (New Zealand)

Ministry of Environmental Protection

Marine Environmental Research Program

Marine Finfish Integrated Management of Aquaculture Plans

Ministerial Group for Sustainable Aquaculture

management information system

Maldives

minimum landing size

Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries

memorandum of agreement

Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Thailand

 Matfiskanlegg Overvåkning Modellering

 Matfiskanlegg Overvåkning Modellering in the production zone

 Matfiskanlegg Overvåkning Modellering in the transition zone

Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment

memorandum of understanding

marine protected area

Marine Products Export Development Authority

Ministry for Primary Industries (New Zealand Government)

Marine Resources and Fisheries Consultants

Mekong River Commission

Marine Research Institute

Maximum Residue Level

Marine Scotland 

Magnuson Stevens Fisheries Conservation and Management Act

is an assessment process for getting global certification and eco-label for sustainable and well managed fisheries. If the fisheries pass the assessment, they will be awarded MSC certification. The MSC is the world’s leading certification and ecolabelling program for sustainable seafood.

Maldives Seafood Processors and Exporters Association

Marine Scotland Science

maximum sustainable yield

Marine Water Quality Index

Marine Planning Partnership for the North Pacific Coast 

Ministry of Environment

Ministry of Environment and Forestry

Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock

Ministry of Water Resources

National Aquatic Animal Health Programme

Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific

Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization

North Atlantic Salmon Conservation Organization

National Aquaculture Development Policies 

National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources

Plan Nacional de Control

National Coastal Zone Management Authority

Norwegian Environment Agency (Miljodirektoratet-Forside)

North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission

National Environmental Policy Act

Norway Export Seafood Council

National Fisheries Development Board

National Fisheries Institute

non-governmental organization

National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research

The Norwegian Ministry of Fisheries and Coastal Affairs

National Marine Fisheries Service

The Norwegian Ministry of Trade, Industry and Fisheries

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission

North Pacific Fishery Management Council

National Park Service

National Residue Control Program

Norges Sildesalgslag

Norwegian Food Safety Authority

The Norwegian Seafood Association

North-Western Chatham Rise

National Center for Sustainable Aquaculture 

Ovenstone Agencies

Oregon Dungeness Crab Commission

Ocean Disclosure Project

overfishing level

World Organization for Animal Health

Organization for the Promotion of Responsible Tuna Fisheries

The Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic

Ocean Trawlers – Three Town Capital

optimum yield

Philippine Association of Crab Processors (acc Phillips Seafood)

Pangasius Aquaculture Dialogue. The Aquaculture Dialogues are a series of roundtables organized by WWF bringing together farmers, retailers, NGOs, scientists and other aquaculture industry stakeholders worldwide to develop standards for responsible aquaculture.

Sustainable Aquaculture Program: The Program for Aquaculture Regulatory Research

Pontchartrain Blue Crab of Louisiana

Pollution Control Department, MONRE, Thailand

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Pancreas Disease

Pelagic Freezer Trawlers Association

Pacific Fishery Management Council

Pacific Islands Tuna Industry Association

Post Larvae

Plan Nacional de Control

The Pacific North Coast Integrated Management Area 

Productive Oceans Partnership

Provincial People Committee

Productos Pesqueros de Matancitas S.A. de C.V. and the World Wildlife Fund.

People's Republic of China 

Pollutant Release and Transfer Register

Pacific Salmon Commission

Quarterly Aquatic Animal Disease Reports, NACA

Quantitative Fisheries Center

Quota Management Area

Quota Management System (New Zealand)

Recommended Allowable Harvest

Reglamento Ambiental de la Acuicultura

Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed

recruitment analysis program

Regional Commission for Fisheries

The United Nations Collaborative Program on Reducing Emissions
from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries

Sanitary Regulations for Aquaculture

Russian Far East

regional fishery management organization

Research Institute for Aquaculture No.2

Running Mortality Syndrome

Russian Pollock Association

Russian Pollock Sustainability Alliance

RDF Site Summary (originally), now often called “Really Simple Syndication” – web feed formats

Russia Iturup Island

Strategic Plan

Spawning biomass at the maximum sustainable yield; also referred to as SSB_MSY.

Science Advisory Board

Scientific Advisory Committee

Salmon Aquaculture Dialogue. The Aquaculture Dialogues are a series of roundtables organized by WWF bringing together farmers, retailers, NGOs, scientists and other aquaculture industry stakeholders worldwide to develop standards for responsible aquaculture.

stock assessment and fishery evaluation

South Atlantic Fisheries Management Council

science advisory group

Scottish Aquaculture Innovation Centre

Sustainable Aquaculture Program

Scottish Aquaculture Research Forum

Syndicat des Armements Réunionnais de Palangriers Congélateurs

Salmonid Alphavirus

Seafood Choice Alliance

Statistical catch-at-age

Southern Centre for Agricultural Policy

Shrimp Club Indonesia

Strategy for a Competitive Norwegian Aquaculture industry 

Southeast Asia Fisheries Development Center

Southeast Atlantic Fisheries Organization

Seafood Exporters’ Association of Sri Lanka

Scottish Environmental Protection Agency

The Strategy for an Environmentally Sustainable Norwegian Aquaculture Industry 

Sustainable Fisheries Partnership

Svalbard Fishery Protection Zone

Salmon Gill Poxvirus Disease

South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands

St. Helena

St Helena Development Agency

Sistema Integral de Attención Ciudadana

Fish Drug Information System - Sistem Informasi Obat Ikan

Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency

Lake Indonesia Information System - Sistem Informasi Danau Indonesia

Sistema Integrado de Gestión de Salmon Chile

Ecuadorian Agro Information System

The Sistema Nacional de Informacion Ambiental 

Southern Indian Ocean Deepsea Fishers Association

South Indian Ocean Fisheries Agreement

Fisheries Business License - Surat Izin Usaha Perikanan

Sian Ka’an and Banco Chinchorro - Mexican biosphere reserves and location of spiny lobster fishery in MSC assessment

Integrated Marine and Fisheries Centers - Sentra Kelautan dan Perikanan Terpadu

Sea Lion Exclusion Devices

Scottish Natural Heritage

Indonesian National Standards - Standar Nasional Indonesia

Seafood Producers Association of Nova Scotia

Secretariat of the Pacific Community

Specific Pathogen Free

Sveriges Pelagiska Producent Organisation – client of a Baltic and North Sea herring and sprat fishery in MSC assessment

Specific Pathogen Resistant

South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation

Scottish Pollutant Release Inventory 

Scottish Pelagic Sustainability Group

Stock Reduction Analysis

Salmonid Rickettsial Septicaemia

Suspended Solids

Spawning Stock Biomass. The total weight of all fish (both males and females) in the population which contribute to reproduction.

Surat Thani Shrimp Farmers Club

Stellar Sea Lions

Sustainable Shrimp Program, Surat Thani Shrimp Farmers Club

Scottish Salmon Producers Organization

Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries

Suriname

Subsecretariat de Pesca (Chile)

Sistema Único de Manejo Ambiental

Sweden

South Wales Sea Fishery Committee

Sakhalin Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography

Shrimp Aquaculture Dialogue. The Aquaculture Dialogues are a series of roundtables organized by WWF bringing together farmers, retailers, NGOs, scientists and other aquaculture industry stakeholders worldwide to develop standards for responsible aquaculture.

Total Allowable Catch. The TAC is the total catch allowed to be taken from a resource in a specified period (usually a year), as defined in the management plan. The TAC may be allocated to the stakeholders in the form of quotas as specific quantities or proportions.

Total Allowable Commercial Catch

Tilapia Aquaculture Dialogue. The Aquaculture Dialogues are a series of roundtables organized by WWF bringing together farmers, retailers, NGOs, scientists and other aquaculture industry stakeholders worldwide to develop standards for responsible aquaculture.

technical advisory group

Total Coliform Bacteria

Trust for Conservation Innovation

Thai Crab Product Group

Turtle Excluder Device

Turtle Excluder Devices

Tortugas Ecological Reserve

Teflubenzuron

total global catch

Tuna Management Association of New Zealand

Thai Marine Shrimp Farmers Association

Thai Sustainable Fishmeal Roundtable

Thailand Good Aquaculture Practices

Tilapia Lake Virus

Discarded fish. Fish with little or no commercial value and not sorted by species before landing. Usually part of the trawlers’ by-catch. In the Gulf of Thailand, trash fish is used for aquaculture. It can also be used for fishmeal production. In many developing countries (e.g. China, India) it is used extensively for human consumption.

Survey biomass index

users advisory group

Environmental Management Measures - Upaya Pengelolaan Lingkungan

United Nations

United Nations Development Program

United Nations Environment Program

United Nations Global Environment Facility

Environmental Monitoring Measures - Upaya Pemantauan Lingkungan

Technical Implementation Units - Unit Pelaksana Teknis

Regional Technical Implementation Unit - Unit Pelaksana Teknis Daerah Tingkat Provinsi

USA Hawaii

underwater television

Vietnam Association of Seafood Exporters and Producers

Legal Normative Documents - Vietnam

Veterinary Drugs Directorate

Viral Haemorrhagic Septicaemia

Vietnam Fisheries Association

Vietnam Pangasius Association

vulnerable marine ecosystem

vessel monitoring system

virtual population analysis

Vietnamese Good Agricultural Practices

World Animal Health Information System/Database

World Bank

Western and Central Pacific

Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission

Western and Central Pacific Ocean/Western Central Pacific Ocean

Water Framework Directive

Walton Family Foundation

American Western Fish Boat Owners Association

White Feces Syndrome

West Java Water Sustainability Index

White Muscle Syndrome

Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council

White Spot Disease

Walleye Task Group

Worldwide Fund for Nature

Extended Survivor Analysis

Yellowhead Disease

Yellowhead virus

a FAO term meaning “not elsewhere included”; when is not possible to identify to the species and more than one species is included in the same group