FishSource - Anchoveta - Chilean Central-Southern

Anchoveta has a wide geographical distribution in the South Eastern Pacific Ocean, from Zorritos (4°30’ S) in Northern Peru to Chiloé (42°30’ S) in Southern Chile (Serra et al., 1979). There are three different anchoveta (Engraulis ringens) stocks (Cahuin et al., 2015):

1. the Northern-Central Peruvian stock, managed by Peru;
2. the Southern Peru/Northern Chile stock, managed by both Peru and Chile, and,
3. the “Central-Southern Chile stock”, managed by Chile.

There is some evidence based on reproductive population parameters that two independent populations may exist in Central-Southern Chile (Canales and Leal, 2009); however, it is more likely, based on genetic and other studies, that there is only one stock (Ferrada et al., 2002; Cahuin et al., 2015). Still, Chilean authorities assess and manage anchoveta as different fishery units: as a central or Regions III and IV unit (Atacama and Coquimbo) and as a southern or Regions V to X unit (Valparaíso a Los Lagos). In the latter unit, the anchoveta constitutes a mixed fishery with Araucanian herring.

Image: FAO

ANALYSIS

Strengths

Dynamic reference points are used to monitor the status of the stock.
Annual catch limit is modified in an adaptive way during the year in result of updated scientific data and has been in accordance to recommendations.
IFOP stock assessment reports present biological acceptable catch options, based on different scenarios; TAC advice given by CCT-PP is more clearly defined than in previous years.
Five marine reserves are established and seasonal closures to protect juveniles and the spawning stock are redefined according to real-time analysis of the stock.
The fishing gear used is not expected to impact the seabed ecosystem.

Fishing mortality had a significant reduction since 2016 but it is still above recommended levels.
The Spawning Stock Biomass and recruitment estimates are increasing.
The hydroacoustic assessment method makes use of one of the most robust methodologies for assessing the spawning biomass of small pelagic fish with partial spawning.
An Anchoveta-Araucanian herring management plan was approved, which establishes lines of action to improve the fishery.
A research program to quantify and identify non-target species and discarding of the artisanal sector was conducted in the V-X regions, and a discarding reduction plan was approved in 2017 for both artisanal and industrial components of the fishery. Several mitigation measures are recommended.
TAC advice now takes into account discards and misreporting.

Weaknesses

Latest IFOP stock assessment reports are not publicly available.
Information on fishery effects on habitat and ecosystem is scarce.

Spawning stock biomass is improving but is still 39% below the target level; Stock is not considered depleted anymore and it is in the transition from overexploited to fully exploited although with a high uncertainty associated.
In this mixed fishery of anchoveta and Araucanian herring, if one of the TACs for these species is reached and the other is not, a joint imputation of 40% is allowed to discourage discards, however, this leads to the significant overpass of the anchoveta TAC.
A management plan was recently approved but a specific recovery plan with explicit harvest control rules, considering the mixed nature of this fishery, is not yet in place and still needs to be developed especially given the stock condition.
The South American sea lion and some seabird PET species are identified to interact with both artisanal and industrial fleets.

FISHSOURCE SCORES

Management Quality:

Management Strategy:

≥ 6

Managers Compliance:

Fishers Compliance:

Stock Health:

Current
Health:

≥ 6

Future Health:

7.4

RECOMMENDATIONS

RETAILERS & SUPPLY CHAIN

Engage with managers and IFOP to ensure that catch recommendations and scientific reports are publicly available in a timely manner.
Support the work of scientists and managers to improve reporting of catches, discards, and bycatch, including expansion of the observer program, as well as defining the scale of interactions with benthic habitats.
Monitor implementation of the new discard reduction plan (July 2017).
Work with scientists to conduct research on and develop new stock assessment models that take into account environmental variables
Support the implementation of the Anchoveta-Araucanian herring management plan (2016), and ensure further revisions of the plan include a specific recovery plan with explicit harvest control rules, considering the mixed nature of this fishery.

FIPS

No related FIPs

CERTIFICATIONS

No related MSC fisheries

Fisheries

Within FishSource, the term "fishery" is used to indicate each unique combination of a flag country with a fishing gear, operating within a particular management unit, upon a resource. That resource may have a known biological stock structure and/or may be assessed at another level for practical or jurisdictional reasons. A fishery is the finest scale of resolution captured in FishSource profiles, as it is generally the scale at which sustainability can most fairly and practically be evaluated.

ASSESSMENT UNIT	MANAGEMENT UNIT	FLAG COUNTRY	FISHING GEAR
Chilean regions III and IV	Chile III-IV	Chile	Purse seines
Chilean regions V-X	Chile V-X	Chile	Seine nets

Fisheries

Analysis

OVERVIEW

Last updated on 6 August 2018

Strengths

Dynamic reference points are used to monitor the status of the stock.
Annual catch limit is modified in an adaptive way during the year in result of updated scientific data and has been in accordance to recommendations.
IFOP stock assessment reports present biological acceptable catch options, based on different scenarios; TAC advice given by CCT-PP is more clearly defined than in previous years.
Five marine reserves are established and seasonal closures to protect juveniles and the spawning stock are redefined according to real-time analysis of the stock.
The fishing gear used is not expected to impact the seabed ecosystem.

Chilean regions V-X

Last updated on 16 June 2019

Fishing mortality had a significant reduction since 2016 but it is still above recommended levels.
The Spawning Stock Biomass and recruitment estimates are increasing.
The hydroacoustic assessment method makes use of one of the most robust methodologies for assessing the spawning biomass of small pelagic fish with partial spawning.
An Anchoveta-Araucanian herring management plan was approved, which establishes lines of action to improve the fishery.
A research program to quantify and identify non-target species and discarding of the artisanal sector was conducted in the V-X regions, and a discarding reduction plan was approved in 2017 for both artisanal and industrial components of the fishery. Several mitigation measures are recommended.
TAC advice now takes into account discards and misreporting.

Weaknesses

Latest IFOP stock assessment reports are not publicly available.
Information on fishery effects on habitat and ecosystem is scarce.

Chilean regions V-X

Last updated on 16 June 2019

Spawning stock biomass is improving but is still 39% below the target level; Stock is not considered depleted anymore and it is in the transition from overexploited to fully exploited although with a high uncertainty associated.
In this mixed fishery of anchoveta and Araucanian herring, if one of the TACs for these species is reached and the other is not, a joint imputation of 40% is allowed to discourage discards, however, this leads to the significant overpass of the anchoveta TAC.
A management plan was recently approved but a specific recovery plan with explicit harvest control rules, considering the mixed nature of this fishery, is not yet in place and still needs to be developed especially given the stock condition.
The South American sea lion and some seabird PET species are identified to interact with both artisanal and industrial fleets.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Chilean regions V-X

Last updated on 6 August 2018

Recommendations to Retailers & Supply Chain

Engage with managers and IFOP to ensure that catch recommendations and scientific reports are publicly available in a timely manner.
Support the work of scientists and managers to improve reporting of catches, discards, and bycatch, including expansion of the observer program, as well as defining the scale of interactions with benthic habitats.
Monitor implementation of the new discard reduction plan (July 2017).
Work with scientists to conduct research on and develop new stock assessment models that take into account environmental variables
Support the implementation of the Anchoveta-Araucanian herring management plan (2016), and ensure further revisions of the plan include a specific recovery plan with explicit harvest control rules, considering the mixed nature of this fishery.

1.STOCK STATUS

STOCK ASSESSMENT

Last updated on 16 June 2019

Fisheries research at the national level is conducted by the Fisheries Development Institute (Instituto de Fomento Pesquero, IFOP).

Two independent assessments are conducted for anchoveta in Central-Southern Chile: a central unit (Chilean regions III and IV) and a southern unit (Chilean regions V-X) (IFOP 2016)(IFOP 2016), however, based on genetic studies, it is likely that there is only one stock (Ferrada et al., 2002; Cahuin et al., 2015).

Chilean regions V-X

Last updated on 16 June 2019

The Anchoveta stock in Chilean regions V-X constitutes a mixed fishery with Araucanian herring Strangomera bentincki, although mono-specific models are used for each species.

The July 2018 assessment is an update of the previous assessment. Input data included: 1991-2017 landings from SERNAPESCA; catch-at-age and weight-at-age data from the Monitoring Program of the Main National Fisheries (Pelagic Fisheries); biomass time series of the acoustic surveys performed in summer (2000-2018) and autumn (2003-2018), from the scientific research cruises conducted annually; discards at 4%, and other relevant information related to the species' life cycle from scientific articles (Basualto et al. 2018). A new assessment model was used, as agreed in the 4th meeting of CCT-PP, which includes a difference in size sample estimation of age compositions in surveys and catch.

The hydroacoustic evaluations of Araucanian herring and anchoveta south-central zone are developed to through two cruises (RECLAS and PELACES, executed in January and May of each year, respectively), both provide information for stock assessment and management within the fishing season. In 2018, a peer review evaluation of the procedures of the hydroacoustic assessments was undertaken, namely on the aspects related with design, implementation and analysis, and some improvement recommendations to the methodology were made (IFOP 2018).

The 2019 updated assessment from IFOP included new information from the RECLAS 2018 acoustic biomass survey, landings and discards at 6% since 2001 and the most recent recruitment estimates (last 5 years). The information used was provided in the report of the 2019 second session of the CCT-PP (CCT-PP 2019) since the last assessment report from IFOP is not yet available.

Arteaga et al. (2014) conducted a research to develop strategic management of the multi-species fishery of Araucanian herring and anchoveta, including the identified elements regarding recruitment and environmental variables, instead of using a mono-specific model to each of the fisheries. Alternative strategies are being studied by the University of Concepcion (CCT-PP, 2014). Parada et al. (2013) also consider the importance of environmental conditions to understand stock’s trends and the use of a biophysical model.

SCIENTIFIC ADVICE

Last updated on 16 July 2018

Stock assessments of Chilean fisheries are officially conducted by the IFOP, and include a series of catch options, based on different scenarios (IFOP 2016). These are assessed by the Scientific-Technical Committees for Small Pelagics (‘Comité Científico-Técnico de Pequeños Pelágicos’, CCT-PP), which includes scientists and managers’ representatives, to make the catch recommendations. It consists on an advised TAC range with a lower limit of 20% of the actual TAC recommendation, in accordance to the most recent fisheries law (Law N° 20.657, SUBPESCA, 2013b). The mechanism for selecting the advised catch option is defined jointly in an ad-hoc approach.

Up to three recommendations may be issued for anchoveta in a year, taking into account summer and autumn cruises and catches updates. A proportion of discards is now discounted from the advised TAC, as foreseen in the fisheries law (article 7º B) (IFOP 2017).

Chilean regions V-X

Last updated on 16 June 2019

There is no harvest control rule that indicates a reduction of fishing mortality when biomass is below the biomass reference point (B_lim). The CCT-PP noted the difficulties in managing mixed fisheries of sympatric species that seem to overlap in their ecological niche. Particularly, the presence of anchoveta in southern Chile is considered a population expansion due to the current inter-decadal regime that favors this family in the South Pacific, where anchoveta is competing with the Araucanian herring, an endemic species naturally adapted to the environmental conditions of central-southern Chile. Therefore, the collapse state of this stock is restricted only to the area of spatial overlap with the Araucanian herring. In this scenario, the CCT-PP recognized that some flexibility in the anchoveta quota allocation criteria was required to make the Araucanian herring fishery viable, considering the mixed fishery situation (CCT-PP 2014). In 2016, the CCT-PP indicated that a 7-13% catch of anchoveta of the Araucanian herring quota coincides with the maximum sustainable yield, which is in accordance with the management objectives (CCT-PP 2016).

Currently, the advised TAC takes into account an estimate of discards, discounting 6% of these to the estimated catch levels. This range was calculated considering recent recruitment levels and a risk of 10% to not attain the management goal. The first recommendation of the CCT-PP in October 2018 was a total TAC of 81,347 tonnes (discards excluded). Based on the most recent assessment update (April 2019, full IFOP report not yet available), a 47% increase respect the initial advised TAC was estimated, but the CCT-PP final recommendation was to maintain the initial TAC for 2019 until the next Autumn survey considering the high uncertainty of the data. The final recommendation was defined in a range of 96,400 and 120,500 tonnes (CCT-PP 2019).

There is a strong seasonality in landings with peaks between February and May, conditioned since 2001 by fishing quotas and temporal closures to protect spawning peaks and recruitment. These measures have defined an intensive extractive activity, by both the industrial and artisanal components. For this reason, it is imperative to update each year and diagnose the status of the anchoveta and to establish an ad-hoc management strategy for the conservation of the resource and the sustainability of the fishery (IFOP 2016). The stock-recruitment and spawning periods are closely monitored by IFOP, per region, and the results are published in monthly bulletins (here in Spanish).

CURRENT STATUS

Chilean regions V-X

Last updated on 16 June 2019

Biomass target reference point - SSB_MSY proxy - is defined at 55% of the virgin spawning stock biomass (SSB₀) and was estimated at 682,000 tonnes in 2018 and the limit reference point - B_lim proxy - is set at 27.5% of SSB₀, i.e. 341,000 tonnes. The SSB estimated for 2018 was the highest value since 2009. Target fishing mortality is associated with a fishing intensity that maintains B_MSY, being estimated at F_MSY proxy = 0.40. In 2018, F was estimated at 0.46, still above recommended levels (Basualto et al. 2018).

The most recent stock assessment conducted in March 2019 (full report not yet available), based on complete information, SSB was 39% below the target biomass reference point, B_MSY proxy, while in September of 2018 the SSB was 57% below (CCT-PP 2019). There is also partial information that indicated that the SSB had even improved more but the information is still very uncertain. In 2018, catches were 63,136 tonnes (SERNAPESCA 2019). Absolute values were not made available in the summary CCT-PP report for SSB but only relative numbers. There are signs of improvement in SSB and recruitment values with respect to previous years. According to the CCT-PP, the stock is considered as not being in the collapse zone anymore and there is a high probability that anchoveta is being in the zone of over-exploitation transiting towards full exploitation. Recruitment is increasing since 2013 and the recruitment indices in 2017, 2018 and 2019 were the highest of the last 11 years (recruitment 2019= 106% average between 2008 and 2018) (CCT-PP 2019).

2.MANAGEMENT QUALITY

MANAGEMENT

Last updated on 16 July 2018

The fisheries management authority in Chile is the Ministry of Economy, Development and Tourism (Ministerio de Economia, Fomento y Turismo, MEFT) and the Undersecretariat of Fisheries and Aquaculture (Subsecretaria de Pesca y Acuicultura, SUBPESCA) (Law 20.657, SUBPESCA, 2013b). The General Law on Fisheries and Aquaculture (Ley General de Pesca y Acuicultura, LGPA) was enacted in 1991 and updated in 2017 (GdC 2017). In 2016, FAO delivered a report, as requested by the Chilean government, to review the LGPA according to national and international laws and best practices; a few recommendations are made to improve the fisheries' sector in the country (FAO 2016).

The National Fisheries Service (SERNAPESCA) is in charge of ensuring proper application of the rules and regulations on fishing and supervising their enforcement, providing the artisanal fishing activity with technical assistance, and keeping a national record of artisanal fishermen.

Annual TAC is split between the industrial and artisanal sectors and are allocated to the industrial fishery in periods taking into account the seasonality of the catch. Currently, new access to this fishery is prohibited (SUBPESCA, 2016a). Also, a Maximum Catch Limit per Vessel Owner regime has been established for the industrial sector and an Artisanal Extraction Regime for the artisanal sector, through which artisanal individual fishermen or associations may obtain catch quotas. TAC for the coming year is set preliminary in October-December; and can be revised later in March and June after the summer and/or autumn surveys, which provide updated information on recruitment and growth, and TAC use.

A management plan is required by the Fisheries Law (SUBPESCA 2017) for the fisheries under a closed-access system, such as the anchoveta. Other management strategies include vessel monitoring systems (VMS), temporal closures set upon SUBPESCA and IFOP recommendation, recent mandatory use of onboard cameras to identify and quantify discards (MEFT 2015).

Chilean regions V-X

Last updated on 16 June 2019

A Management Committee for the anchoveta and Araucanian herring mixed fishery in regions V-X, compose by SUBPESCA and SERNAPESCA members, artisanal and industrial fishermen and the processing industry (SUBPESCA, 2016a) developed a management plan, which has been officially adopted (MEFT 2016). The management plan sets lines of action to address biological, economic, social and ecological matters, on which all the members of the committee reached consensus on the diagnosis and considerations that future sustainable policy should have. Fixed and mobile temporal closures to protect the spawning stock and juveniles have also been included. Among the actions planned, there is the evaluation of a series of harvest control rules and definition of a robust rule to allow a viable mixed fishery (SUBPESCA 2016).

Biological closures are accordingly applied considering the monthly bulletins published by IFOP with information gathered about recruitment and the spawning period. Regulations about quota adjustments within a year are made available here.

Discarding of target species of this mixed fishery is not allowed, according to the Fisheries Law. Discards were first addressed in 2001 and then in 2012 with a specific discard policy (Law Nº 20.625). This legal framework brought the room to develop research programs to identify and quantify target and non-target species as well as incidental catches and identify causes of discards, in both artisanal and industrial fleets, using onboard observers and logbooks. A two-year research program was conducted in this fishery (2014-2016) and results are available in (Vega et al. 2017). A mitigation plan was consequently developed and officially released in July 2017 (MEFT 2017). Several considerations are taken into account, namely exempt some species of the discard ban, review the current legislation and monitor the mitigation measures applied in an adaptative approach. Recommendations and best practices are also included in regard to the target, non-target species and incidental catches (SUBPESCA 2017). The process improved the knowledge about Chilean fisheries and strengthened the relationship with the institutions and fishermen contributing, expectedly, to the compliance of the measures achieved among stakeholders (San Martín et al. 2016).

For 2019, a preliminary TAC was set at 81,347 tonnes (MEFT 2018) but it was revised to120,500 tonnes with 25,947 tonnes for the industrial sector and 91,993 tonnes for the artisanal sector; and the remaining value for research purposes (MEFT 2019). Set TACs have been in line with the upper limit of the advised TAC range (CCT-PP 2019).

During the discards research program (2014-2016), a 100% joint TAC imputation was allowed for anchoveta and Araucanian herring in regions V-X (MEFT 2016; MEFT 2017; MEFT 2017); in 2018, a 40% was allowed (MEFT 2018).

COMPLIANCE

Chilean regions V-X

Last updated on 16 June 2019

Compliance with the management policies adopted proves high, being encouraged by a supervision and control system that has been applied for several years. In 2019, the inspection body (SERNAPESCA) was reinforced (MEFT 2019). Closed access for new industrial and artisanal vessels, the satellite positioning system, the (5-nautical-mile) reserve zone, the implementation of spawning and recruitment closures have all resulted in the strengthening of the small pelagic stocks.

Discarding in Chile is not allowed, but in the V-X regions, anchoveta and Araucanian herring are caught together, as these cannot be differentiated by fishing equipment. Prior to 2014, in this mixed fishery of anchoveta and Araucanian herring, if one of the TACs for these species was reached and the other was not, 20% of incidental catch of the species with no remaining quota was allowed for each fishing trip. Discarding and misreporting of catches was of concern, so a research program was put in place to estimate misreporting, discards and bycatch rates (MEFT 2014; IFOP 2016) and a discards reduction plan was published in July 2017 (MEFT 2017).

During the discards research program (2014-2016), a 100% joint TAC imputation was allowed for anchoveta and Araucanian herring in regions V-X, what led to overshoots of the set TAC for anchoveta (CCT-PP 2018), between 2014 and 2016, particularly by the artisanal fleet. After the program was finalized, a 40% joint TAC imputation has been allowed (MEFT 2018). Currently, this mixed fishery presents a disparate state of exploitation of each resource and significantly different quotas for each one, which can constitute a strong incentive for users to discard or under-report the limiting resource and thus be able to complete the catch quota assigned to the main resource, which is Araucanian herring in recent years (IFOP 2017). Scientists identify the existing legislation as the main reason to promote discarding events (Basualto and Quiroz 2017; CCT-PP 2018).

In 2018, total landings for this fishery (artisanal and industrial fleet combined) were above the global set limit. The industrial fleet catches were 1,405 tonnes, well below its partial quota, whilst the artisanal fleet overpassed its partial quota by 9% (SERNAPESCA 2019) .Discards were estimated at 4% in 2015 and 2% in 2016, and IFOP estimated discards and under-reporting estimates of 2-4% in 2001-2007, 2-40% in 2008- 2011, 2-10% in 2012-2014 and 2-10% in 2017 (IFOP 2017). In 2018, a level of 6% of discards was considered (CCT-PP 2019).

3.ENVIRONMENT AND BIODIVERSITY

BYCATCH

ETP Species

The purse seine is a non-selective fishing gear in relation to fish size, since the mesh size used is small enough (1/2" or 9/16") to prevent a mass escape through the net, even of the smallest-sized juvenile specimens of anchovy or common sardine found in summer (as small as 5 cm total length). There is a rather strong possibility that the species to be caught can be previously selected, since both fishermen’s experience and the use of state-of-the-art echo sounders and sonar allow the species to be identified with some accuracy before setting the net. However, on some occasions, the catch trapped in the sack is released by opening the net when necessary.

Unlike purse seine fishing in other regions, in Chile the incidence of dolphins in catches is considered infrequent. The Peruvian pelican (Pelecanus thagus, Near Threatened in IUCN Red List, 2014), among other 7 seabird species has been identified during sampling conducted on board artisanal purse seine boats.

Available information suggests impacts from purse seines are low (Arata and Hucke-Gaete, 2005), however there is limited research and no current information on the impact of this fishery on the species mentioned above.

Chilean regions V-X

Last updated on 27 April 2016

The availability of anchoveta as a prey is one of the major threats to Humboldt Penguin Spheniscus humboldti (Vulnerable; 2014 IUCN Redlist) (Luna-Jorquera and Culik, 2003; UNEP/WCMC, 2003; BirdLife International, 2012).

The interaction of the fishery with PET species is recently known after the analysis of the 2014-2016 time series. Several mitigation measures are recommended in the recently published discarding reduction plan. Even if in different proportions through the type of fleet the following species were identified: South American sea lions Otaria byronia (Least concern; 2015 IUCN redlist), Sooty shearwater Ardenna grisea (Near threatened; 2016 IUCN red list), Pink-footed Shearwater Ardenna creatopus (Vulnerable; 2016 IUCN red list), Peruvian pelican Pelecanus thagus (Near threatened; 2016 IUCN red list) and Kelp Gull Larus dominicanus (Least concern; 2016 IUCN redlist) (SUBPESCA 2017).

Other Species

Chilean regions V-X

Last updated on 27 April 2016

Anchoveta and Araucanian herring in the V-X Regions are harvested as part of a mixed fishery, in the sense that these resources are caught during the same period and area by an artisanal and industrial fleet that fishes for both species using the same fishing gear (which is non-selective).

The discarding reduction plan was recently published. Discarding represents less than 10% of catches in both artisanal and industrial, assuming the existence of spatial as well as inter and intra-annual oscillations. The artisanal component of the fleet has shown a negligible discarding proportion in some regions (SUBPESCA 2017).

HABITAT

Anchoveta is a pelagic species distributed at water depths ranging between 15 and 70 m during the day and between 5 and 20 m at night. In Chile, artisanal purse seines can reach dimensions of 30 fathoms depth by 240 fathoms length (approx. 55 m x 249 m) while industrial purse seines can reach up to 60 × 500 fathoms (approx. 110 m x 915 m). In general, the impact of this fishing gear on the seafloor is not a subject under technical or scientific debate, since these nets are usually deployed at greater depths, where bottom contact does not occur (Chuenpagdee et al., 2003). However, it should be noted that in this particular fishery, “penetration windows” exist, where industrial operations within the first five nautical miles offshore is permitted.

The stock is highly dependent on recruitment which in turn changes with environmental conditions and oceanographic conditions in the important Chilean upwelling ecosystem, like the El Niño and La Niña (Cury et al., 2000; Gatica et al., 2007; IFOP, 2015).

Marine Reserves

In Chile, there are five marine reserves: La Rinconada in the II Region, Isla Chañaral in the III Region, Isla Choros-Damas in the IV Region, Putemún and Pullinque in the X Region. The main objective of these reserves is to conserve natural banks of northern scallop (Argopecten purpuratus), Chilean oyster (Tiostrea chilensis) and giant mussel (Choromytilus chorus) among others, and also to protect aquatic vertebrates such as dolphins and penguins.

Also, since the enactment of the General Law on Fisheries and Aquaculture in 1991, a Reserve Zone for Artisanal Fishing has been established by law. It extends over 5 nautical miles measured from the coast from the I Region to 41º28,6’S (located in the first third of the X Region) and from south of 41°28,6’ up to 5 nm west of the straight baselines. This regulation is also in force around the oceanic islands and in inland waters. This measure, besides justifying the development and promotion of the artisanal fishing activity, prevents the industrial fleet from entering the coastal zone to carry out extractive fishing operations. It has also become a conservation measure for the bulk of fishery resources that spawn near the coast and in inland waters. This regulation is directly related to the opportunities of protecting and recovering coastal pelagic resources, being of benefit mainly to anchovy and common sardine. It may be temporarily suspended through authorizations for research fishing and dredging that allow the temporary entry of industrial vessels into the reserve zone, in specific areas and during specific periods.

Chilean regions V-X

Last updated on 27 April 2016

Marine Reserves

Last updated on 27 Apr 2016

There are annually temporal closures for this fishery to protect spawning and juveniles. These closures are mobile and depend on monitoring of the biologic indicators (MEFT, 2016b).

FishSource Scores

Last updated on 10 July 2019

MANAGEMENT QUALITY

STOCK HEALTH:

To see data for biomass, please view this site on a desktop.

To see data for catch and tac, please view this site on a desktop.

To see data for fishing mortality, please view this site on a desktop.

No data available for recruitment

To see data for management quality, please view this site on a desktop.

To see data for stock status, please view this site on a desktop.

DATA NOTES

Instituto de Fomento Pesquero (IFOP) assessment report does not provide scientific advice, the Technical Scientific Committee for Small Pelagics (CCT-PP) provides an advised TAC range according to the Chilean Fisheries law.
Intra-annual updates of stock assessment are conducted as updated information becomes available, e.g. research cruises.
For both anchoveta fishery units Chilean regions III-IV and V-X, biomass target reference point is B_MSY proxy defined at 55% of the virgin spawning stock biomass (SSB₀) and limit reference point for biomass B_lim is 27.5% of SSB₀.

Chilean regions V-X

Last updated on 16 June 2019

From 1998 to 2001, official anchoveta landings were corrected due to Chilean jack mackerel unreported landings in the multi-species fishery (IFOP 2016).
Intra-annual updates of stock assessment, advice and quota are conducted as updated information becomes available from surveys. The datasheet presents data from the latest published reports and regulations within the year (Basualto et al. 2018).
Instituto de Fomento Pesquero (IFOP) assessment report only presents the stock assessment results and projections under different recruitment and fishing pressure scenarios, being the advised TAC provided by the Technical Scientific Committee for Small Pelagics (CCT-PP) as a range, according to the Chilean Fisheries law (CCT-PP 2016). The average, lower and upper advised catch limits are available in the datasheet and graphs. The Managers compliance score is based in the upper advised catch limit because the Management strategy score is ≥ 6.
Discards estimates were included in the stock assessment, resulting in a re-scale of biomass and fishing mortality estimates as well as of reference points (CCT-PP 2019).
Current health score was assigned qualitatively as the absolute value of most recent MSY (March 2019) was not presented in the most recent stock status report (CCT-PP 2019). The stock in 2019 is not considered as collapsed anymore. Spawning Stock Biomass (SSB) in September 2018 was estimated at 57% below of MSY proxy and in March 2019 was estimated at 39% below (CCT-PP 2019).
Biomass reference points are based on the last assessment report available (July 2018) (Basualto et al. 2018).

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FishSource Scores

Fishery Improvement Projects (FIPs)

No related FIPs

Fishery Improvement Projects (FIPs)

Certifications

Marine Stewardship Council (MSC)

No related MSC certifications

Certifications

Sources

Credits

IFOP. 2007. Investigación, Evaluación de Stock y CTP Anchoveta y Sardina española III y IV Región, 2007. 82 pages.
IFOP, 2007. Investigación, Evaluación de Stock y CTP Anchoveta centro sur, 2007. Instituto de Fomento Pesquero (IFOP). 100 pp. (In Spanish.)
IFOP. 2008. Investigación, Evaluación de Stock y CTP Anchoveta y Sardina española III y IV Región, 2008. 69 pages.
IFOP, 2008. Investigación, Evaluación de Stock y CTP Anchoveta centro-sur, 2008. Instituto de Fomento Pesquero (IFOP). 68 pp. (In Spanish.)
IFOP. 2009. Investigación, Evaluación de Stock y CTP Anchoveta y Sardina española III y IV Región, 2009. 73 pages.
IFOP. 2009. Investigación, Evaluación de Stock y CTP Anchoveta centro sur, 2009. Instituto de Fomento Pesquero (IFOP). 46 pp. (In Spanish.)
IFOP, 2009. Investigación del estatus y evaluación de estrategias de explotación sustentables en anchoveta centro-sur, 2010. Pre-Informe Final. Instituto de Fomento Pesquero (IFOP). 56 pp. (In Spanish.)
IFOP. 2010. Investigación, Evaluación de Stock y CTP Anchoveta y Sardina española III y IV Región, 2010. 59 pages.
IFOP, 2010. Investigación, Evaluación de Stock y CTP Anchoveta centro sur, 2010. 66 pp. (In Spanish.)
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SUBPESCA, 2013a. Fraccionamento Y Distributíon de la cuota global de captura de Anchoveta Y Sardina española, Regiones III Y IV, Ano 2014. Technical Report N° 192 – December, 2013. 9 pageshttp://www.subpesca.cl/institucional/602/articles-82270_documento.pdf
SUBPESCA, 2013a. Fraccionamiento y distribución de la cuota global anual de captura Anchoveta y Sardina común, regiones V a X, año 2014. Informe Técnico (R. Pesq.) nº 193/13. Subsecretaria de Pesca y Acuicultura (SUBPESCA). Valparaíso. December 2013. 10 pp. (In Spanish.) http://www.subpesca.cl/institucional/602/articles-82143_documento.pdf
SUBPESCA, 2013a. Modificación del periodo de veda reproductiva de Anchoveta y Sardina común, V a XIV regiones, año 2013. Informe Técnico (R.Pesq.) no. 089, Subsecretaria de Pesca y Acuicultura (SUBPESCA). Valparaíso. July 2013. 6 pp. (In Spanish.)http://www-old.subpesca.cl/transparencia/documentos/RPESQ089-2013_Modifica_Veda_reproductiva%20anchoveta_y_sardina_com%C3%BAn_2013.pdf
SUBPESCA, 2013b. Ley General de Pesca y Acuicultura (texto actualizado incorpora modificación Ley N°20.657). 186 pp. http://www.subpesca.cl/normativa/605/articles-516_documento.pdf
SUBPESCA, 2013b. Decreto Exento N° 1409: Establece cuotas globales anuales de captura de unidades de pesquería de recursos pelágicos pequeños que indica sometidas a licencias transables de pesca, año 2014. Ministerio de Economia, Fomento y Turismo, Subsecretaria de Pesca (SUBPESCA). Santiago. 24 December 2013. 4 pp. (In Spanish.)http://www.subpesca.cl/institucional/602/articles-82132_documento.pdf
SUBPESCA, 2014a. Informe Sectorial de Pesca y Acuicultura. Departamento de Análisis Sectorial. Diciembre 2014. 19 pp. http://www.subpesca.cl/publicaciones/606/articles-86569_documento.pdf
SUBPESCA, 2014b. Estado de situacíon de las principals pesquerías chilenas, 2013. Subsecretaris de Pesca y Acuicultura. March 2014. 63pphttp://www.subpesca.cl/publicaciones/606/articles-82828_recurso_1.pdf
SUBPESCA, 2014a. Taller para la Constitución del Comité de Manejo de sardina común y anchoveta. Chilean Anchovy and Araucaninan herring Management Committee website. Valdivia. 17 January 2014. (In Spanish.)http://comitedemanejo.wordpress.com/
SUBPESCA, 2014b. Informe Sectorial de Pesca y Acuicultura. Departamento de Análisis Sectorial. Diciembre 2014. 19 pp. http://www.subpesca.cl/publicaciones/606/articles-86569_documento.pdf
SUBPESCA, 2015. Comité de manejo Anchoveta y Sardina española III-IV. [Assessed on 27 February 2015]. http://www.subpesca.cl/institucional/602/w3-propertyvalue-56203.html
SUBPESCA, 2016a. Estado de situación de las principales pesquerías chilenas, año 2015. División de Administración Pesquera. March 2016. 95 pp. http://www.subpesca.cl/publicaciones/606/articles-92703_recurso_1.pdf
SUBPESCA, 2016a. Comité de Manejo sardina común y anchoveta de la V a la X región avanza en plan de manejo. [Accessed on 25 April 2016]. http://www.subpesca.cl/prensa/601/w3-article-92042.html
SUBPESCA, 2016b. Informe Sectorial de Pesca y Acuicultura Enero 2016. Departamento de Análisis Sectorial. 20 pp. http://www.subpesca.cl/publicaciones/606/articles-92231_documento.pdf
SUBPESCA, 2016c. Estado de situación de las principales pesquerías chilenas, año 2015. División de Administración Pesquera. March 2016. 95 pp. http://www.subpesca.cl/publicaciones/606/articles-92703_recurso_1.pdf
UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 2003. Report on the status and Conservation of the , CMS/ScC12/Doc.5 Attach 5, 13 pp.http://www.cms.int/bodies/ScC/12th_scientific_council/pdf/English/Doc_05_Attach5_HumboldtPenguin_E.pdf
Zúñiga B, M.J and Canales, C., 2012. Estatus y posibilidades de explotación biológicamente sustentables: Anchoveta Centro-Sur 2013. Plenaria Comité Científico Pequeños Pelágicos. Instituto de Fomento Pesquero (IFOP). 6 November 2012. 26 pp. (In Spanish.)http://sitios.ifop.cl/documents/35476/48642/comite_AnchovetaCentro-Sur2012_maria_jose.pdf

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Anchoveta - Chilean Central-Southern, Chilean regions V-X, Chile V-X, Chile, Seine nets

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Anchoveta

Chilean Central-Southern

SUMMARY

SUMMARY

IDENTIFICATION

ANALYSIS

FISHSOURCE SCORES

RECOMMENDATIONS

FIPS

CERTIFICATIONS

Fisheries

Fisheries

Analysis

OVERVIEW

1.STOCK STATUS

2.MANAGEMENT QUALITY

3.ENVIRONMENT AND BIODIVERSITY

FishSource Scores

FishSource Scores

Fishery Improvement Projects (FIPs)

Fishery Improvement Projects (FIPs)

Certifications

Marine Stewardship Council (MSC)

Certifications

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